Co-Occurrence of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease

Objective:The objective of this study is to retrospectively determine the co-occurrence, associated characteristics, and risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) in a pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) clinic population.Method:We investigated the co-occurrence and features of NDD in pediatric SCD through a retrospective cohort study conducted between July 2017 and January 2019. The participants were patients with SCD younger than 18 years of age identified from our institutions' clinic rosters and medical records databases.Results:A total of 276 participants were eligible for study inclusion, and 65 participants were found to have various NDD. Children with SCD and NDD were more likely to have a history of multiple SCD-related complications in comparison to children with SCD without NDD. Children with SCD and NDD were more likely to use disease-modifying therapies in comparison to children with SCD without NDD (χ²27.2, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Children with SCD and NDD have higher odds of having certain disease-related complications and higher use of disease-modifying treatments than children with SCD who do not have NDD. Screening and diagnoses of NDD may be relevant to clinical management of pediatric SCD.