TY - JOUR
T1 - Clustering of xerophthalmia within households and villages
AU - Katz, Joanne
AU - Zeger, Scott L.
AU - West, Keith P.
AU - Tielsch, James M.
AU - Alfred, A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Zambia: The National Food and Nutrition Commission, Tropical Disease Research Centre, the Flying Doctor Service and the Ministry of Health (funded by the International Development Research Center/Canada).
Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Prepared under Cooperative Agreement DAN-OO45 between the Office of Nutrition of the US Agency for International Development and The International Center for Epidemiologic and Preventive Ophthalmology (ICEPO), National Institute of Health grants S10-RR04060 and AI25529.
PY - 1993/8
Y1 - 1993/8
N2 - The clustering of xerophthalmia within households and villages was estimated among preschool age children using data from studies conducted in Malawi, Zambia, Indonesia and Nepal over the past decade. Pairwise odds ratios (OR) were used to measure the magnitude of clustering. This OR measures the risk of xerophthalmia for a preschool child given that another randomly chosen preschool child from the same household (or same village but different household) had xerophthalmia, relative to the risk rf that randomly chosen preschool child did not have xerophthalmia. Village pairwise OR ranged from 1.2 in Malawi to 2.2 in Nepal. Household pairwise OR ranged from 4.4 in Malawi to 9.7 in Indonesia, indicating that xerophthalmia clustering was much greater within households than villages. The magnitude of this clustering was as large, or larger than, infectious outcomes such as diarrhoea, fever and cough. Although xerophthalmia was associated with a weekly history of infectious morbidity, the clustering of diarrhoea, fever and cough explained very little of the xerophthalmia clustering observed in each of these studies, Hence, other household factors such as food availability and dietary practices should be examined for their role in the clustering of xerophthalmia within certain households.
AB - The clustering of xerophthalmia within households and villages was estimated among preschool age children using data from studies conducted in Malawi, Zambia, Indonesia and Nepal over the past decade. Pairwise odds ratios (OR) were used to measure the magnitude of clustering. This OR measures the risk of xerophthalmia for a preschool child given that another randomly chosen preschool child from the same household (or same village but different household) had xerophthalmia, relative to the risk rf that randomly chosen preschool child did not have xerophthalmia. Village pairwise OR ranged from 1.2 in Malawi to 2.2 in Nepal. Household pairwise OR ranged from 4.4 in Malawi to 9.7 in Indonesia, indicating that xerophthalmia clustering was much greater within households than villages. The magnitude of this clustering was as large, or larger than, infectious outcomes such as diarrhoea, fever and cough. Although xerophthalmia was associated with a weekly history of infectious morbidity, the clustering of diarrhoea, fever and cough explained very little of the xerophthalmia clustering observed in each of these studies, Hence, other household factors such as food availability and dietary practices should be examined for their role in the clustering of xerophthalmia within certain households.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0027330533&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0027330533&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/ije/22.4.709
DO - 10.1093/ije/22.4.709
M3 - Article
C2 - 8225747
AN - SCOPUS:0027330533
SN - 0300-5771
VL - 22
SP - 705
EP - 715
JO - International journal of epidemiology
JF - International journal of epidemiology
IS - 4
ER -