TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical phenomenology and phenotype variability in Tourette syndrome
AU - Grados, Marco A.
AU - Mathews, Carol A.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2009/12
Y1 - 2009/12
N2 - Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a rich phenomenology that includes simple and complex motor and vocal tics as well as multiple comorbidities. From a nosological perspective, it is evident that a continuum of tic severity exists, of which TS is the most severe and rare form, while transient tics and chronic tics represent milder forms. From a psychopathology perspective, TS is often concurrent with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); these disorders appear to define TS "types" TS only, TS+OCD, and TS+OCD+ADHD. Additional clinical aspects of TS include more frequent than expected occurrence of anger episodes, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, impulse control disorders, learning disorders, and pervasive developmental disorders. Data reduction techniques have been used more recently to define a "simple" and "complex" tic symptom clusters or factors. Phenomenologic approaches can be used in TS to guide future pathophysiologic research.
AB - Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a rich phenomenology that includes simple and complex motor and vocal tics as well as multiple comorbidities. From a nosological perspective, it is evident that a continuum of tic severity exists, of which TS is the most severe and rare form, while transient tics and chronic tics represent milder forms. From a psychopathology perspective, TS is often concurrent with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); these disorders appear to define TS "types" TS only, TS+OCD, and TS+OCD+ADHD. Additional clinical aspects of TS include more frequent than expected occurrence of anger episodes, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, impulse control disorders, learning disorders, and pervasive developmental disorders. Data reduction techniques have been used more recently to define a "simple" and "complex" tic symptom clusters or factors. Phenomenologic approaches can be used in TS to guide future pathophysiologic research.
KW - Genetics
KW - Glutamate
KW - Obsessive-compulsive
KW - Serotonin
KW - Tourette
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70449368160&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=70449368160&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.011
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 19913653
AN - SCOPUS:70449368160
SN - 0022-3999
VL - 67
SP - 491
EP - 496
JO - Journal of Psychosomatic Research
JF - Journal of Psychosomatic Research
IS - 6
ER -