Abstract
Since February 1980, worldwide, over 400 survivors of sudden arrhythmic death have been treated with the automatic implantable defibrillator. Recently, the device has been further improved; it is now a cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD), able to treat ventricular tachycardias as well as ventricular fibrillation. There are two difibrillating electrodes which are used also for waveform analysis; one is located in the superior vena cava, the other is placed over the cardia apex. A third bipolar right ventricular electrode serves for rate counting and R-wave synchronization. When ventricular fibrillation occurs, a 25-joule pulse is delivered; when ventricular tachycardia faster than a present rate is detected, the discharge is R-wave synchronized. Special batteries can deliver over 100 shocks or provide a three-year monitoring life. Implantation of the device can be achieved through a thoracotomy or by a subxiphoid or a subcostal approach. Thus far, the longest follow-up period has been 58 months. Actuarial analysis shows the one-year mortality attributed to arrhythmias reduced to less than 2%. Thus, the automatic cardioverter-defibrillator can reliably identify and correct potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias, leading to a substantial increase in survival in properly selected high-risk patients.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 39-42 |
Number of pages | 4 |
Journal | Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux |
Volume | 78 |
Issue number | SPEC. NO. OCT. |
State | Published - 1985 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine