TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical and economic burden of antimicrobial resistance
AU - Maragakis, Lisa L.
AU - Perencevich, Eli N.
AU - Cosgrove, Sara E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work has been supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention grants 1 K01 CI000300 and 1 R01 CI000530 (salary support LLM). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
PY - 2008/10
Y1 - 2008/10
N2 - Knowledge of the clinical and economic impact of antimicrobial resistance is useful to influence programs and behavior in healthcare facilities, to guide policy makers and funding agencies, to define the prognosis of individual patients and to stimulate interest in developing new antimicrobial agents and therapies. There are a variety of important issues that must be considered when designing or interpreting studies into the clinical and economic outcomes associated with antimicrobial resistance. One of the most misunderstood issues is how to measure cost appropriately. Although imperfect, existing data show that there is an association between antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci and Gram-negative bacilli and increases in mortality, morbidity, length of hospitalization and cost of healthcare. Patients with infections due to antimicrobial-resistant organisms have higher costs (US$6000-30,000) than do patients with infections due to antimicrobial-susceptible organisms; the difference in cost is even greater when patients infected with antimicrobial-resistant organisms are compared with patients without infection. Given limited budgets, knowledge of the clinical and economic impact of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, coupled with the benefits of specific interventions targeted to reduce these infections, will allow for optimal control and improved patient safety. In this review, the authors discuss a variety of important issues that must be considered when designing or interpreting studies of the clinical and economic outcomes associated with antimicrobial resistance. Representative literature is reviewed regarding the associations between antimicrobial resistance in specific pathogens and adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, length of hospital stay and cost.
AB - Knowledge of the clinical and economic impact of antimicrobial resistance is useful to influence programs and behavior in healthcare facilities, to guide policy makers and funding agencies, to define the prognosis of individual patients and to stimulate interest in developing new antimicrobial agents and therapies. There are a variety of important issues that must be considered when designing or interpreting studies into the clinical and economic outcomes associated with antimicrobial resistance. One of the most misunderstood issues is how to measure cost appropriately. Although imperfect, existing data show that there is an association between antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci and Gram-negative bacilli and increases in mortality, morbidity, length of hospitalization and cost of healthcare. Patients with infections due to antimicrobial-resistant organisms have higher costs (US$6000-30,000) than do patients with infections due to antimicrobial-susceptible organisms; the difference in cost is even greater when patients infected with antimicrobial-resistant organisms are compared with patients without infection. Given limited budgets, knowledge of the clinical and economic impact of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, coupled with the benefits of specific interventions targeted to reduce these infections, will allow for optimal control and improved patient safety. In this review, the authors discuss a variety of important issues that must be considered when designing or interpreting studies of the clinical and economic outcomes associated with antimicrobial resistance. Representative literature is reviewed regarding the associations between antimicrobial resistance in specific pathogens and adverse outcomes, including increased mortality, length of hospital stay and cost.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Economic analysis
KW - Healthcare-associated infection
KW - Outcome
KW - Study design
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U2 - 10.1586/14787210.6.5.751
DO - 10.1586/14787210.6.5.751
M3 - Review article
C2 - 18847410
AN - SCOPUS:55249118181
SN - 1478-7210
VL - 6
SP - 751
EP - 763
JO - Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
JF - Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
IS - 5
ER -