TY - JOUR
T1 - CKD Awareness Among US Adults by Future Risk of Kidney Failure
AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease Surveillance Team
AU - Chu, Chi D.
AU - McCulloch, Charles E.
AU - Banerjee, Tanushree
AU - Pavkov, Meda E.
AU - Burrows, Nilka R.
AU - Gillespie, Brenda W.
AU - Saran, Rajiv
AU - Shlipak, Michael G.
AU - Powe, Neil R.
AU - Tuot, Delphine S.
AU - Shahinian, Vahakn
AU - Heung, Michael
AU - Gillespie, Brenda
AU - Morgenstern, Hal
AU - Herman, William
AU - Zivin, Kara
AU - Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer
AU - Steffick, Diane
AU - Han, Yun
AU - Zhang, Xiaosong
AU - Li, Yiting
AU - Kurtz, Vivian
AU - Wyncott, April
AU - Powe, Neil
AU - Hsu, Chi yuan
AU - Crews, Deidra
AU - Hsu, Raymond
AU - Johansen, Kirsten
AU - Shlipak, Michael
AU - Canela, Janet
AU - Burrows, Nilka Ríos
AU - Eberhardt, Mark
AU - Mondesire, Juanita
AU - Patel, Priti
AU - Pavkov, Meda
AU - Rolka, Deborah
AU - Saydah, Sharon
AU - Shrestha, Sundar
AU - Waller, Larry
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
PY - 2020/8
Y1 - 2020/8
N2 - Rationale & Objective: Persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often unaware of their disease status. Efforts to improve CKD awareness may be most effective if focused on persons at highest risk for progression to kidney failure. Study Design: Serial cross-sectional surveys. Setting & Participants: Nonpregnant adults (aged ≥20 years) with CKD glomerular filtration rate categories 3-4 (G3-G4) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016 (n = 3,713). Predictor: 5-year kidney failure risk, estimated using the Kidney Failure Risk Equation. Predicted risk was categorized as minimal (<2%), low (2%-<5%), intermediate (5%-<15%), or high (≥15%). Outcome: CKD awareness, defined by answering “yes” to the question “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had weak or failing kidneys?” Analytical Approach: Prevalence of CKD awareness was estimated within each risk group using complex sample survey methods. Associations between Kidney Failure Risk Equation risk and CKD awareness were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. CKD awareness was compared with awareness of hypertension and diabetes during the same period. Results: In 2011 to 2016, unadjusted CKD awareness was 9.6%, 22.6%, 44.7%, and 49.0% in the minimal-, low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. In adjusted analyses, these proportions did not change over time. Awareness of CKD, including among the highest risk group, remains consistently below that of hypertension and diabetes and awareness of these conditions increased over time. Limitations: Imperfect sensitivity of the “weak or failing kidneys” question for ascertaining CKD awareness. Conclusions: Among adults with CKD G3-G4 who have 5-year estimated risks for kidney failure of 5%-<15% and ≥15%, approximately half were unaware of their kidney disease, a gap that has persisted nearly 2 decades.
AB - Rationale & Objective: Persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often unaware of their disease status. Efforts to improve CKD awareness may be most effective if focused on persons at highest risk for progression to kidney failure. Study Design: Serial cross-sectional surveys. Setting & Participants: Nonpregnant adults (aged ≥20 years) with CKD glomerular filtration rate categories 3-4 (G3-G4) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2016 (n = 3,713). Predictor: 5-year kidney failure risk, estimated using the Kidney Failure Risk Equation. Predicted risk was categorized as minimal (<2%), low (2%-<5%), intermediate (5%-<15%), or high (≥15%). Outcome: CKD awareness, defined by answering “yes” to the question “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had weak or failing kidneys?” Analytical Approach: Prevalence of CKD awareness was estimated within each risk group using complex sample survey methods. Associations between Kidney Failure Risk Equation risk and CKD awareness were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. CKD awareness was compared with awareness of hypertension and diabetes during the same period. Results: In 2011 to 2016, unadjusted CKD awareness was 9.6%, 22.6%, 44.7%, and 49.0% in the minimal-, low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. In adjusted analyses, these proportions did not change over time. Awareness of CKD, including among the highest risk group, remains consistently below that of hypertension and diabetes and awareness of these conditions increased over time. Limitations: Imperfect sensitivity of the “weak or failing kidneys” question for ascertaining CKD awareness. Conclusions: Among adults with CKD G3-G4 who have 5-year estimated risks for kidney failure of 5%-<15% and ≥15%, approximately half were unaware of their kidney disease, a gap that has persisted nearly 2 decades.
KW - CKD awareness
KW - Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
KW - albuminuria
KW - disease management
KW - estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
KW - health literacy
KW - kidney failure prevention
KW - nationally representative survey
KW - patient empowerment
KW - public health
KW - renal function
KW - renal insufficiency
KW - self-care
KW - urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR)
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U2 - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.01.007
DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.01.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 32305206
AN - SCOPUS:85083254157
SN - 0272-6386
VL - 76
SP - 174
EP - 183
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
IS - 2
ER -