TY - JOUR
T1 - Cigarette smoking and neonatal outcomes in depressed and nondepressed opioid-dependent agonist-maintained pregnant patients
AU - Chisolm, Margaret S.
AU - Acquavita, Shauna P.
AU - Kaltenbach, Karol
AU - Winklbaur, Bernadette
AU - Heil, Sarah H.
AU - Martin, Peter R.
AU - Stine, Susan M.
AU - Coyle, Mara
AU - Leoutsakos, Jeannie Marie S.
AU - Tuten, Michelle
AU - Jansson, Lauren M.
AU - Backer, Penina M.
AU - Jones, Hendree Evelyn
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - aim: To investigate whether cigarette smoking and/or depression contribute to neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) severity. Design: Cohort study analyzing data from a randomized controlled trial of methadone versus buprenorphine. Setting: Seven study sites that randomized patients to study conditions and provided comprehensive addiction treatment to pregnant patients. Participants: A total of 119 of 131 opioid-dependent pregnant patients who completed the MOTHER study. Measurements: Smoking data and depression status were obtained from the Addiction Severity Index and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, respectively. Neonatal outcomes (birth weight, preterm delivery, and NAS pharmacologic treatment) were collected from the medical charts. Study site was a fixed-effect factor in all analyses. Findings: Cigarette smoking was reported by 94% of participants and depression identified in 35%. Smoking was associated with low birth weight, preterm delivery, and NAS pharmacologic treatment in both depressed and nondepressed participants. The association between smoking and NAS treatment differed significantly between depressed and nondepressed participants. Among nondepressed participants, adjusting for site and illicit drug use, each additional average cigarette per day (CPD) increased the odds of NAS treatment by 12% (95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.23; P=0.02). Among depressed participants, each additional average CPD did not statistically increase the odds of NAS treatment (odds ratio: 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.84-1.04; P=0.23). Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NAS expression is influenced by many factors. The relationship between CPD and NAS pharmacologic treatment is attenuated among depressed women in this study for reasons currently unknown. Further investigations are needed to clarify the complex relationships among maternal smoking, depression, and NAS.
AB - aim: To investigate whether cigarette smoking and/or depression contribute to neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) severity. Design: Cohort study analyzing data from a randomized controlled trial of methadone versus buprenorphine. Setting: Seven study sites that randomized patients to study conditions and provided comprehensive addiction treatment to pregnant patients. Participants: A total of 119 of 131 opioid-dependent pregnant patients who completed the MOTHER study. Measurements: Smoking data and depression status were obtained from the Addiction Severity Index and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, respectively. Neonatal outcomes (birth weight, preterm delivery, and NAS pharmacologic treatment) were collected from the medical charts. Study site was a fixed-effect factor in all analyses. Findings: Cigarette smoking was reported by 94% of participants and depression identified in 35%. Smoking was associated with low birth weight, preterm delivery, and NAS pharmacologic treatment in both depressed and nondepressed participants. The association between smoking and NAS treatment differed significantly between depressed and nondepressed participants. Among nondepressed participants, adjusting for site and illicit drug use, each additional average cigarette per day (CPD) increased the odds of NAS treatment by 12% (95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.23; P=0.02). Among depressed participants, each additional average CPD did not statistically increase the odds of NAS treatment (odds ratio: 0.94; 95% confidence interval: 0.84-1.04; P=0.23). Conclusions: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that NAS expression is influenced by many factors. The relationship between CPD and NAS pharmacologic treatment is attenuated among depressed women in this study for reasons currently unknown. Further investigations are needed to clarify the complex relationships among maternal smoking, depression, and NAS.
KW - cigarettes
KW - depression
KW - neonatal
KW - opioids
KW - pregnancy
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U2 - 10.1097/ADT.0b013e31821cadbd
DO - 10.1097/ADT.0b013e31821cadbd
M3 - Article
C2 - 22833702
AN - SCOPUS:81855194403
SN - 1531-5754
VL - 10
SP - 180
EP - 187
JO - Addictive Disorders and their Treatment
JF - Addictive Disorders and their Treatment
IS - 4
ER -