TY - JOUR
T1 - Cigarette smoking and incident chronic kidney disease
T2 - A systematic review
AU - Jones-Burton, Charlotte
AU - Seliger, Stephen L.
AU - Scherer, Roberta W.
AU - Mishra, Shiraz I.
AU - Vessal, Ghazal
AU - Brown, Jeanine
AU - Weir, Matthew R.
AU - Fink, Jeffrey C.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007/7
Y1 - 2007/7
N2 - Background: Several studies have examined the role of cigarette smoking in the development of renal disease in human populations. However, there have been no systematic reviews on the evidence linking smoking with incident renal disease. Methods: We performed an evidence-based evaluation of peer-reviewed research published during 1966-2005, from a search of five databases, including Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE. Results: Of the 28 studies that were reviewed, 11 were excluded from the final analysis due to poor methodological quality (n = 6), no reported risk estimate for the association between smoking and kidney disease (n = 3), inability to find a Japanese translator (n = 1), and duplicate cohort (n = 1). Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis; seven studies found an overall significant association between smoking and incident chronic kidney disease, and three studies found a significantly increased risk of chronic kidney disease in current smokers that was gender and/or dose related. An increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease among smokers was significantly associated with male gender (relative risk 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.5), >20 cigarettes smoked/day (odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.15, and relative risk 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.3), and smoking >40 years (odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.09). A pooled estimate of the relative risk (meta-analysis) was deemed inappropriate due to the heterogeneity in methodologies utilized by the different studies. Conclusions: This comprehensive review reveals overall evidence for current cigarette smoking as a risk factor for incident chronic kidney disease. Further investigation is needed to more carefully examine the strength of the association between cigarette smoking and incident kidney disease.
AB - Background: Several studies have examined the role of cigarette smoking in the development of renal disease in human populations. However, there have been no systematic reviews on the evidence linking smoking with incident renal disease. Methods: We performed an evidence-based evaluation of peer-reviewed research published during 1966-2005, from a search of five databases, including Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE. Results: Of the 28 studies that were reviewed, 11 were excluded from the final analysis due to poor methodological quality (n = 6), no reported risk estimate for the association between smoking and kidney disease (n = 3), inability to find a Japanese translator (n = 1), and duplicate cohort (n = 1). Seventeen studies were included in the final analysis; seven studies found an overall significant association between smoking and incident chronic kidney disease, and three studies found a significantly increased risk of chronic kidney disease in current smokers that was gender and/or dose related. An increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease among smokers was significantly associated with male gender (relative risk 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.5), >20 cigarettes smoked/day (odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.15, and relative risk 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.3), and smoking >40 years (odds ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.09). A pooled estimate of the relative risk (meta-analysis) was deemed inappropriate due to the heterogeneity in methodologies utilized by the different studies. Conclusions: This comprehensive review reveals overall evidence for current cigarette smoking as a risk factor for incident chronic kidney disease. Further investigation is needed to more carefully examine the strength of the association between cigarette smoking and incident kidney disease.
KW - Cigarette smoking
KW - Incident chronic kidney disease
KW - Systematic review, cigarette smoking-kidney disease development association
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U2 - 10.1159/000103382
DO - 10.1159/000103382
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17541263
AN - SCOPUS:34447577983
SN - 0250-8095
VL - 27
SP - 342
EP - 351
JO - American Journal of Nephrology
JF - American Journal of Nephrology
IS - 4
ER -