TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in Fast Food Outlet Availability Near Schools
T2 - Unequal Patterns by Income, Race/Ethnicity, and Urbanicity
AU - Sanchez-Vaznaugh, Emma V.
AU - Weverka, Aiko
AU - Matsuzaki, Mika
AU - Sánchez, Brisa N.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Erin Flores and Jillian Botkin ( San Francisco State University ) for their valuable research assistance. The authors acknowledge salary support by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of NIH (K01HL115471 and R01HL136718, Dr. Sanchez-Vaznaugh; R01HL131610, Dr. Sánchez) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (74375, Dr. Sanchez-Vaznaugh). The content in this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding institutions.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - Introduction: Previous research has observed income or racial/ethnic inequalities in fast food restaurant availability near schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in fast food restaurant availability near schools between 2000 and 2010 by school neighborhood income, race/ethnicity, and urbanicity. Methods: Using data from 7,466 California public schools, negative binomial regression models estimated the relative ratios to evaluate the income gradient in fast food restaurant availability, examine differences in the income gradient in fast food restaurant availability between 2000 and 2010, and investigate if fast food restaurant availability changed in 2010 versus 2000, stratified by race/ethnicity and urbanicity. The analyses were conducted in 2018 and early 2019. Results: In urban areas, there was a negative school neighborhood income gradient in fast food restaurant availability in both 2000 and 2010, and across all race/ethnic groups, except majority African American schools. The income gradient in fast food restaurant availability was steeper in 2010 relative to 2000 among Latino majority urban schools. Fast food restaurant availability increased in 2010 relative to 2000 among majority African American, majority Latino, and majority Asian schools in the least affluent neighborhoods. Among majority white schools in similar neighborhoods the availability of fast food restaurants did not change but declined in the most affluent school neighborhoods. In nonurban areas, the income patterns in fast food restaurant availability were less clear, and fast food restaurant availability increased among majority white and Latino schools within the middle neighborhood income tertile. Conclusions: These findings suggest the need for future interventions to target schools in low-income urban neighborhoods. Additionally, reducing child health disparities and improving health for all children requires monitoring changes in the food environment near schools.
AB - Introduction: Previous research has observed income or racial/ethnic inequalities in fast food restaurant availability near schools. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in fast food restaurant availability near schools between 2000 and 2010 by school neighborhood income, race/ethnicity, and urbanicity. Methods: Using data from 7,466 California public schools, negative binomial regression models estimated the relative ratios to evaluate the income gradient in fast food restaurant availability, examine differences in the income gradient in fast food restaurant availability between 2000 and 2010, and investigate if fast food restaurant availability changed in 2010 versus 2000, stratified by race/ethnicity and urbanicity. The analyses were conducted in 2018 and early 2019. Results: In urban areas, there was a negative school neighborhood income gradient in fast food restaurant availability in both 2000 and 2010, and across all race/ethnic groups, except majority African American schools. The income gradient in fast food restaurant availability was steeper in 2010 relative to 2000 among Latino majority urban schools. Fast food restaurant availability increased in 2010 relative to 2000 among majority African American, majority Latino, and majority Asian schools in the least affluent neighborhoods. Among majority white schools in similar neighborhoods the availability of fast food restaurants did not change but declined in the most affluent school neighborhoods. In nonurban areas, the income patterns in fast food restaurant availability were less clear, and fast food restaurant availability increased among majority white and Latino schools within the middle neighborhood income tertile. Conclusions: These findings suggest the need for future interventions to target schools in low-income urban neighborhoods. Additionally, reducing child health disparities and improving health for all children requires monitoring changes in the food environment near schools.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.023
DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.023
M3 - Article
C2 - 31377084
AN - SCOPUS:85069969886
VL - 57
SP - 338
EP - 345
JO - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
SN - 0749-3797
IS - 3
ER -