TY - JOUR
T1 - Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) MRI with CO2 challenge
T2 - A technical review
AU - Liu, Peiying
AU - De Vis, Jill B.
AU - Lu, Hanzhang
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2019/2/15
Y1 - 2019/2/15
N2 - Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an indicator of cerebrovascular reserve and provides important information about vascular health in a range of brain conditions and diseases. Unlike steady-state vascular parameters, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV), CVR measures the ability of cerebral vessels to dilate or constrict in response to challenges or maneuvers. Therefore, CVR mapping requires a physiological challenge while monitoring the corresponding hemodynamic changes in the brain. The present review primarily focuses on methods that use CO2 inhalation as a physiological challenge while monitoring changes in hemodynamic MRI signals. CO2 inhalation has been increasingly used in CVR mapping in recent literature due to its potency in causing vasodilation, rapid onset and cessation of the effect, as well as advances in MRI-compatible gas delivery apparatus. In this review, we first discuss the physiological basis of CVR mapping using CO2 inhalation. We then review the methodological aspects of CVR mapping, including gas delivery apparatus, the timing paradigm of the breathing challenge, the MRI imaging sequence, and data analysis. In addition, we review alternative approaches for CVR mapping that do not require CO2 inhalation.
AB - Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an indicator of cerebrovascular reserve and provides important information about vascular health in a range of brain conditions and diseases. Unlike steady-state vascular parameters, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV), CVR measures the ability of cerebral vessels to dilate or constrict in response to challenges or maneuvers. Therefore, CVR mapping requires a physiological challenge while monitoring the corresponding hemodynamic changes in the brain. The present review primarily focuses on methods that use CO2 inhalation as a physiological challenge while monitoring changes in hemodynamic MRI signals. CO2 inhalation has been increasingly used in CVR mapping in recent literature due to its potency in causing vasodilation, rapid onset and cessation of the effect, as well as advances in MRI-compatible gas delivery apparatus. In this review, we first discuss the physiological basis of CVR mapping using CO2 inhalation. We then review the methodological aspects of CVR mapping, including gas delivery apparatus, the timing paradigm of the breathing challenge, the MRI imaging sequence, and data analysis. In addition, we review alternative approaches for CVR mapping that do not require CO2 inhalation.
KW - Arterial spin labeling
KW - BOLD
KW - Carbon dioxide
KW - Cerebrovascular reactivity
KW - Cerebrovascular reserve
KW - End-tidal CO2
KW - Hypercapnia
KW - Phase-contrast MRI
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U2 - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.047
DO - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.047
M3 - Article
C2 - 29574034
AN - SCOPUS:85044324795
SN - 1053-8119
VL - 187
SP - 104
EP - 115
JO - NeuroImage
JF - NeuroImage
ER -