Central nervous system infections: A critical care approach

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are diverse. CNS infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality and are markedly different from systemic infections. The closed anatomic space of the CNS, its immunologic isolation from the rest of the body, and the often nonspecific nature of the key manifestations present a challenge to the clinician. Early recognition and aggressive management are essential to patient recovery and prevention of long-term neurologic sequelae. This review discusses the major types of CNS infections and focuses on critical care management, with emphasis on current epidemiologic trends.