@article{8c1d9234c8464039bafdb39175cf02b7,
title = "Cardiovascular effects of topical carteolol hydrochloride and timolol maleate in patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma",
abstract = "PURPOSE: To compare the effects of topical timolol maleate 0.5% and carteolol hydrochloride 1% on pulse rate and blood pressure. METHODS: In a randomized, double-masked, parallel-design, multicenter clinical trial, we compared the effects of timolol and carteolol on pulse rate and blood pressure measured by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 169 adult patients with either ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma. RESULTS: From noon to 8 PM, baseline mean pulse rate of 82 to 83 beats per minute (bpm) had decreased by 4 to 6 bpm in both groups after 4 weeks of therapy with timolol or carteolol. From midnight to 4 AM, the pulse rate in the carteolol group was significantly above baseline (P = .005), while the timolol group was significantly below baseline (P < .001). Four times as many patients became bradycardic (heart rate, <60 bpm) on timolol (18.4%) as did patients on carteolol (4.5%) from midnight to 4 AM. More than twice as many patients exhibited a resolution of their bradycardia with carteolol (46.7%) as did patients treated with timolol (18.2%) from midnight to 4 AM. Overall cardiovascular adverse effects were reported significantly more frequently in the timolol than the carteolol group (P = .002).CONCLUSIONS: Timolol causes significantly lower mean heart rate during the nighttime and more nocturnal bradycardia than carteolol does in patients with ocular hypertension and primary open-angle glaucoma. These differences may be because of the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of carteolol.",
author = "Netland, {P. A.} and Weiss, {H. S.} and Stewart, {W. C.} and Cohen, {J. S.} and Nussbaum, {L. L.} and D. Abrams and G. Schwartz and P. Hughes and A. Adelson and M. Brink and M. Myers and R. Bahr and Jr Dowling and F. Richards and A. Geltzer and Hoffmann, {R. J.} and L. Snady-McCoy and Bartnik, {L. A.} and J. Beneke and L. Barr and D. Muroski and J. Neal and C. Clevenger and B. Summit and A. Lee and J. Cohen and Riccio, {K. A.} and A. Luechauer and H. DuBiner and S. Cribbs and R. Laibovitz and K. Neck and T. Mundorf and D. Otero and Netland, {P. A.} and Vivolo, {D. A.} and L. Schwartz and P. Carmichael and R. Conner and T. Nowinski and J. Kesselring and A. Bollenbach and A. Foley and W. Stewart and J. Stewart and H. Weiss and A. Schwartz and Latham, {B. D.}",
note = "Funding Information: Accepted for publication Nov 27, 1996. From Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Netland); Georgetown University Center for Sight and Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC (Dr Weiss); Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Stewart); University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (Dr Cohen); and Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Rockville, Maryland (Dr Nussbaum). *Participants in the Nocturnal Investigation of Glaucoma Hemodynamics Trial (NIGHT) are listed at the end of the article. Sponsored in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc, New York, New York. Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc, Rockville, Maryland, provided grants covering the costs of this research to each of the 13 centers that participated in this study. Dr Nussbaum is Director of Medical Affairs for Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. Presented in part at the Annual Meeting for the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 25, 1996. Reprint requests to Peter A. Netland, MD, PhD, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, P.O. Box 7191, Riyadh 11462, Saudia Arabia; fax: 011-966-1-482-1908.",
year = "1997",
doi = "10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70172-2",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "123",
pages = "465--477",
journal = "American journal of ophthalmology",
issn = "0002-9394",
publisher = "Elsevier USA",
number = "4",
}