TY - JOUR
T1 - Canine and incisor microwear in pitheciids and Ateles reflects documented patterns of tooth use
AU - Delezene, Lucas K.
AU - Teaford, Mark F.
AU - Ungar, Peter S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by a grant from the LSB Leakey Foundation to PSU and MFT. We thank the collections managers and curators at the American Museum of Natural History and the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi for providing access to and assistance with their primate collections. We thank the lab technicians in the Paleoanthropology and Dental Anatomy & Evolution labs at the University of Arkansas for the assistance with cast preparation. We thank Sarah Livengood for help with figure preparation and technical assistance with ToothFrax, SFrax, Sensomap v6, and the Sensofar Plµ white-light scanning confocal profiler. We also thank three reviewers and the editor for their helpful comments, which improved the readability and clarity of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2016/9/1
Y1 - 2016/9/1
N2 - Objectives: Platyrrhine species differ in the extent to and the manner in which they use their incisors and canines during food ingestion. For example, Ateles uses its anterior teeth to process mechanically nondemanding soft fruits, while the sclerocarp-harvesting pitheciids rely extensively on these teeth to acquire and process more demanding foods. Pitheciids themselves vary in anterior tooth use, with the pitheciines (Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia) noted to use their robust canines in a variety of ways to predate seeds, while Callicebus, which rarely predates seeds, uses its incisors and exceptionally short canines to scrape tough mesocarp from fruits. To investigate the relationship between tooth use and dental wear, microwear textures were investigated for the anterior teeth of these five genera of platyrrhine primates. Methods: Using a white light confocal microscope, 12 microwear texture attributes that reflect feature size, anisotropy, density, and complexity were recorded from high-resolution epoxy casts of the incisors and canines of adult wild-collected Brazilian specimens of Ateles, Callicebus, Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia. Results: Pitheciine canines tend to have deep microwear features and complex, anisotropic microwear textures, while Ateles anterior teeth tend to have very small features, low feature density, and less complex and anisotropic surfaces. Callicebus incisor and canine microwear is generally intermediate in size and complexity between those extremes. Conclusions: These findings align with expectations from reported field observations of tooth use and illustrate the potential for using microwear texture analysis to infer patterns of anterior tooth use in extinct primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:6–25, 2016.
AB - Objectives: Platyrrhine species differ in the extent to and the manner in which they use their incisors and canines during food ingestion. For example, Ateles uses its anterior teeth to process mechanically nondemanding soft fruits, while the sclerocarp-harvesting pitheciids rely extensively on these teeth to acquire and process more demanding foods. Pitheciids themselves vary in anterior tooth use, with the pitheciines (Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia) noted to use their robust canines in a variety of ways to predate seeds, while Callicebus, which rarely predates seeds, uses its incisors and exceptionally short canines to scrape tough mesocarp from fruits. To investigate the relationship between tooth use and dental wear, microwear textures were investigated for the anterior teeth of these five genera of platyrrhine primates. Methods: Using a white light confocal microscope, 12 microwear texture attributes that reflect feature size, anisotropy, density, and complexity were recorded from high-resolution epoxy casts of the incisors and canines of adult wild-collected Brazilian specimens of Ateles, Callicebus, Cacajao, Chiropotes, and Pithecia. Results: Pitheciine canines tend to have deep microwear features and complex, anisotropic microwear textures, while Ateles anterior teeth tend to have very small features, low feature density, and less complex and anisotropic surfaces. Callicebus incisor and canine microwear is generally intermediate in size and complexity between those extremes. Conclusions: These findings align with expectations from reported field observations of tooth use and illustrate the potential for using microwear texture analysis to infer patterns of anterior tooth use in extinct primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:6–25, 2016.
KW - Callicebus
KW - Chiropotes
KW - Pithecia
KW - sclerocarp
KW - seed predation
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U2 - 10.1002/ajpa.23002
DO - 10.1002/ajpa.23002
M3 - Article
C2 - 27224026
AN - SCOPUS:84982235350
SN - 0002-9483
VL - 161
SP - 6
EP - 25
JO - American journal of physical anthropology
JF - American journal of physical anthropology
IS - 1
ER -