TY - JOUR
T1 - Cancer vaccines
T2 - On the threshold of success
AU - Emens, Leisha A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Research funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health Breast SPORE P50 CA 88843, the Department of Defense Center of Excellence grant W81XWH-04-1-0595, American Cancer Society Research scholar grant RSG CCE 112685, the Department of Defense Clinical Translational Research Grant, W81XWH-07-1-0485, Susan G Komen for the Cure and Genentech, Incorporated.
PY - 2008/6
Y1 - 2008/6
N2 - Background: Cancer vaccines are a unique approach to cancer therapy. They exert an antitumor effect by engaging the host immune response, and have great potential for circumventing the intrinsic drug resistance that limits standard cancer management. Additional advantages of cancer vaccines are exquisite specificity, low toxicity, and the potential for a durable treatment effect due to immunologic memory. Objectives: This review aims to consider the promise of cancer vaccines, review the current state of cancer vaccine development, and suggest directions for future research. Methods: The scope of this review was defined peer-reviewed information found on Medline, and information found on the Internet about Phase III clinical trials that are ongoing and not yet published. Results/conclusions: Multiple Phase III clinical trials have demonstrated the promise and challenges posed by therapeutic vaccines, and defined the next steps in their clinical development. Determining the optimal integration of cancer vaccines with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and biologically targeted therapies, defining predictive biomarkers of immunologic and clinical response, and combining tumor vaccines with new drugs that effectively modulate the antitumor immune response, will ensure that cancer vaccines become part of standard cancer therapy and prevention.
AB - Background: Cancer vaccines are a unique approach to cancer therapy. They exert an antitumor effect by engaging the host immune response, and have great potential for circumventing the intrinsic drug resistance that limits standard cancer management. Additional advantages of cancer vaccines are exquisite specificity, low toxicity, and the potential for a durable treatment effect due to immunologic memory. Objectives: This review aims to consider the promise of cancer vaccines, review the current state of cancer vaccine development, and suggest directions for future research. Methods: The scope of this review was defined peer-reviewed information found on Medline, and information found on the Internet about Phase III clinical trials that are ongoing and not yet published. Results/conclusions: Multiple Phase III clinical trials have demonstrated the promise and challenges posed by therapeutic vaccines, and defined the next steps in their clinical development. Determining the optimal integration of cancer vaccines with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and biologically targeted therapies, defining predictive biomarkers of immunologic and clinical response, and combining tumor vaccines with new drugs that effectively modulate the antitumor immune response, will ensure that cancer vaccines become part of standard cancer therapy and prevention.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Cancer vaccine
KW - Immune monitoring
KW - Immune tolerance
KW - Therapeutic resistance
KW - Tumor immunity
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U2 - 10.1517/14728214.13.2.295
DO - 10.1517/14728214.13.2.295
M3 - Review article
C2 - 18537522
AN - SCOPUS:46849096064
SN - 1472-8214
VL - 13
SP - 295
EP - 308
JO - Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
JF - Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
IS - 2
ER -