@article{b07eb995e9094e77b38c471136704e35,
title = "Can emotional and behavioral dysregulation in youth be decoded from functional neuroimaging?",
abstract = "Introduction High comorbidity among pediatric disorders characterized by behavioral and emotional dysregulation poses problems for diagnosis and treatment, and suggests that these disorders may be better conceptualized as dimensions of abnormal behaviors. Furthermore, identifying neuroimaging biomarkers related to dimensional measures of behavior may provide targets to guide individualized treatment. We aimed to use functional neuroimaging and pattern regression techniques to determine whether patterns of brain activity could accurately decode individual-level severity on a dimensional scale measuring behavioural and emotional dysregulation at two different time points. Methods A sample of fifty-seven youth (mean age: 14.5 years; 32 males) was selected from a multisite study of youth with parent-reported behavioral and emotional dysregulation. Participants performed a block-design reward paradigm during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Pattern regression analyses consisted of Relevance Vector Regression (RVR) and two cross-validation strategies implemented in the Pattern Recognition for Neuroimaging toolbox (PRoNTo). Medication was treated as a binary confounding variable. Decoded and actual clinical scores were compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and mean squared error (MSE) to evaluate the models. Permutation test was applied to estimate significance levels. Results Relevance Vector Regression identified patterns of neural activity associated with symptoms of behavioral and emotional dysregulation at the initial study screen and close to the fMRI scanning session. The correlation and the mean squared error between actual and decoded symptoms were significant at the initial study screen and close to the fMRI scanning session. However, after controlling for potential medication effects, results remained significant only for decoding symptoms at the initial study screen. Neural regions with the highest contribution to the pattern regression model included cerebellum, sensory-motor and fronto-limbic areas. Conclusions The combination of pattern regression models and neuroimaging can help to determine the severity of behavioral and emotional dysregulation in youth at different time points. Copyright:",
author = "Portugal, {Liana C.L.} and Rosa, {Maria Jo{\~a}o} and Anil Rao and Genna Bebko and Bertocci, {Michele A.} and Hinze, {Amanda K.} and Lisa Bonar and Almeida, {Jorge R.C.} and Perlman, {Susan B.} and Amelia Versace and Claudiu Schirda and Michael Travis and Gill, {Mary Kay} and Christine Demeter and Diwadkar, {Vaibhav A.} and Gary Ciuffetelli and Eric Rodriguez and Forbes, {Erika E.} and Sunshine, {Jeffrey L.} and Holland, {Scott K.} and Kowatch, {Robert A.} and Boris Birmaher and David Axelson and Horwitz, {Sarah M.} and Arnold, {Eugene L.} and Fristad, {Mary A.} and Youngstrom, {Eric A.} and Findling, {Robert L.} and Mirtes Pereira and Leticia Oliveira and Phillips, {Mary L.} and Janaina Mourao-Miranda",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Arnold reports research funding from CureMark, Lily, and Shire; advisory board honoraria from AstraZeneca, Biomarin, Noven, Seaside Therutics, and Shire; and travel support to present a poster from Noven. Dr. Birmaher receives royalties for publications from Random House, Inc., APA, and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, and grant support from the National Institute of Mental Health. Dr. Findling receives or has received research support, acted as a consultant and/or served on a speaker's bureau for Alexza Pharmaceuticals, American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, American Physician Institute, American Psychiatric Press, AstraZeneca, Bracket, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clinsys, CogCubed, Cognition Group, Coronado Biosciences, Dana Foundation, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Guilford Press, Johns Hopkins University Press, Johnson & Johnson, KemPharm, Lilly, Lundbeck, Merck, NIH, Novartis, Noven, Otsuka, Oxford University Press, Pfizer, Physicians Postgraduate Press, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Sage, Seaside Pharmaceuticals, Shire, Stanley Medical Research Institute, Sunovion, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Transcept Pharmaceuticals, Validus, and WebMD. Dr. Fristad receives royalties from APPI, Guilford Press, CFPSI and grant support from the National Institute of Mental Health. Dr. Kowatch is a consultant for Forest Pharmaceutical and the REACH Foundation. He receives research support from NIMH. He is employed by Ohio State University and is an editor for Current Psychiatry. Dr. Sunshine reports research support from Siemens Healthcare. Dr. Youngstrom has received travel support from Bristol-Myers Squibb and consulted with Lundbeck, and receives funding from the NIMH. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. ",
year = "2016",
month = jan,
day = "5",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0117603",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "11",
journal = "PloS one",
issn = "1932-6203",
publisher = "Public Library of Science",
number = "1",
}