TY - JOUR
T1 - Can cholera ‘hotspots’ be converted to cholera ‘coldspots’ in cholera endemic countries? The Matlab, Bangladesh experience
AU - Zaman, K.
AU - Ryun Kim, Deok
AU - Ali, Mohammad
AU - Ahmmed, Faisal
AU - Im, Justin
AU - Islam, Md Taufiqul
AU - Khan, Ashraful Islam
AU - Yunus, Md
AU - Khan, Md Alfazal
AU - Marks, Florian
AU - Qadri, Firdausi
AU - Kim, Jerome
AU - Clemens, John D.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: The research was supported by the Diseases of the Most Impoverished Program of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. This study was supported by a grant (OPP1171432) from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Funding Information:
Funding: The research was supported by the Diseases of the Most Impoverished Program of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. This study was supported by a grant ( OPP1171432) from the B ill & Melinda Gates Foundation .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors
PY - 2020/6
Y1 - 2020/6
N2 - Background: Cholera remains a major public health threat in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently launched a global initiative to end preventable cholera by 2030. Key to the success of this initiative will be the elimination of cholera transmission in cholera ‘hotspots’ with regularly recurrent disease; this can be achieved via improved surveillance to define hotspot populations, through the use of oral cholera vaccines, and through the implementation of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Methods: This study was performed to analyze the trend in cholera incidence during the years 1974–2018 in Matlab, Bangladesh (defined population of about 200 000) that has been recognized as one of the world's cholera hotspots. During this period, Matlab has maintained a demographically defined population and comprehensive, culture-based surveillance for cholera, supplemented by periodic surveys to characterize the socioeconomic status of the population, as well as water sources and facilities for defecation. Results: Cholera transmission has nearly been eliminated in Matlab, despite a continuing high cholera burden in many other parts of Bangladesh and despite trends of increasing ambient and sea surface temperatures, which are known to increase cholera incidence. Concomitantly, the socioeconomic status of the population has increased modestly, and the use of simple tubewells for drinking water has reached 95% and the installation of sanitary latrines has reached 85%. Conclusions: The factors responsible for the decline in cholera are difficult to pinpoint precisely, but this decline has occurred with the installation of inexpensive improvements in water sources and latrines and despite environmental factors that should have augmented cholera incidence. These observations lend optimism to the current global initiative to end preventable cholera by 2030.
AB - Background: Cholera remains a major public health threat in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently launched a global initiative to end preventable cholera by 2030. Key to the success of this initiative will be the elimination of cholera transmission in cholera ‘hotspots’ with regularly recurrent disease; this can be achieved via improved surveillance to define hotspot populations, through the use of oral cholera vaccines, and through the implementation of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Methods: This study was performed to analyze the trend in cholera incidence during the years 1974–2018 in Matlab, Bangladesh (defined population of about 200 000) that has been recognized as one of the world's cholera hotspots. During this period, Matlab has maintained a demographically defined population and comprehensive, culture-based surveillance for cholera, supplemented by periodic surveys to characterize the socioeconomic status of the population, as well as water sources and facilities for defecation. Results: Cholera transmission has nearly been eliminated in Matlab, despite a continuing high cholera burden in many other parts of Bangladesh and despite trends of increasing ambient and sea surface temperatures, which are known to increase cholera incidence. Concomitantly, the socioeconomic status of the population has increased modestly, and the use of simple tubewells for drinking water has reached 95% and the installation of sanitary latrines has reached 85%. Conclusions: The factors responsible for the decline in cholera are difficult to pinpoint precisely, but this decline has occurred with the installation of inexpensive improvements in water sources and latrines and despite environmental factors that should have augmented cholera incidence. These observations lend optimism to the current global initiative to end preventable cholera by 2030.
KW - Augmented
KW - Cholera
KW - Environmental factors
KW - Incidence
KW - Lantrices
KW - Observation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.055
DO - 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.055
M3 - Short survey
C2 - 32126325
AN - SCOPUS:85083341488
VL - 95
SP - 28
EP - 31
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
SN - 1201-9712
ER -