@article{0313321faaf24cb0a5b29459c92aadeb,
title = "Caenorhabditis elegans early embryogenesis and vulval morphogenesis require chondroitin biosynthesis",
abstract = "Defects in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis disrupt animal development and can cause human disease. So far much of the focus on glycosaminoglycans has been on heparan sulphate. Mutations in eight squashed vulva (sqv) genes in Caenorhabditis elegans cause defects in cytokinesis during embryogenesis and in vulval morphogenesis during postembryonic development. Seven of the eight sqv genes have been shown to control the biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycans chondroitin and heparan sulphate. Here we present the molecular identification and characterization of the eighth gene, sqv-5. This gene encodes a bifunctional glycosyltransferase that is probably localized to the Golgi apparatus and is responsible for the biosynthesis of chondroitin but not heparan sulphate. Our findings show that chondroitin is crucial for both cytokinesis and morphogenesis during C. elegans development.",
author = "Hwang, {Ho Yon} and Olson, {Sara K.} and Esko, {Jeffrey D.} and Horvitz, {H. Robert}",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements We wish to thank R. Doms for critical reading of the manuscript, and T. Kadesch, J. Yang, G. Wertheim, K. Phiel and members of the Klein, Lee and Doms laboratories for helpful discussions. We are grateful to J. Woodgett, R. Kopan, B. Gumbiner, K. Kinzler and B. Vogelstein for plasmids, S. Sisodia for CHO-APP695 cells, and D. Flood for PS1P264L knock-in mice. Monoclonal antibodies for the Ab sandwich ELISAwere provided by N. Suzuki and Tekeda Pharmaceuticals. C.A.W. was a Howard Hughes Predoctoral Fellow. This work was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging (to V.M.-Y.L.) and the National Institute of Mental Health (to P.S.K.). Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank B. Castor for help with DNA sequencing; Y. Kohara for the cDNA clones yk20dy and yk21g9; A. Coulson for cosmids; J. Brown for the GlcAb1,3Gal-O-NM acceptor; B. Zak for N-acetylheparosan acceptor; the Glycotechnology Core at UCSD (supported by an NIH grant) for the preparation of UDP-[1-3H]GlcA; and B. Galvin and I. Perez de la Cruz for reading the manuscript. This work was supported by NIH grants (to H.R.H. and J.D.E.). S.K.O. was supported by an NIH training grant. H.R.H. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.",
year = "2003",
month = may,
day = "22",
doi = "10.1038/nature01634",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "423",
pages = "439--443",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "6938",
}