Abstract
Objective: To investigate the extent to which breast milk is replaced by intake of other liquids or foods, and to estimate energy intake of infants defined as exclusively (EBF), predominantly (PBF) and partially breast-fed (PartBF). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Community-based study in urban Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Subjects: A total of 70 infants aged 4 months recruited at birth. Main outcome measures: Breast milk intake measured using a 'dose-to-the-mother' deuterium-oxide turnover method; feeding pattern and macronutrient intake assessed using a frequency questionnaire. Results: Adjusted mean breast milk intakes were not different between EBF and PBF (EBF, 806 g/day vs PBF, 778 g/day, P=0.59). The difference between EBF and PartBF was significant (PartBF, 603 g/day, P=0.004). Mean intakes of water from supplements were 10 g/day (EBF), 134 g/day (PBF) and 395 g/day (PartBF). Compared to EBF these differences were significant (EBF vs PBF, P=0.005; EBF vs PartBF, P
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1633-1642 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | European Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
Volume | 57 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2003 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Breast milk intake
- Deuterium-oxide
- Energy intake
- Turnover method
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine (miscellaneous)
- Food Science