Abstract
Background Physical data are lacking on nutrient transport in human intervertebral discs (IVDs), which support regeneration. Our objective was to study nutrient transport in porcine IVDs to determine the effects of biomechanical and physiological factors. Methods In vitro testing of whole porcine IVDs was performed under different loading conditions. Fifty cervical, thoracic, and lumbar discs with attached end plates were removed from 4 Yorkshire pigs (90–150 lbs). Discs were placed in Safranin O or Fast Green FCF histological stains in diffusion or diurnal compression-tested groups. The end plate was studied by the use of polyurethane to block it. Traction was studied with a mechanical testing frame. Discs were cut transversely and photographed. Images were analyzed for depth of annulus fibrosus (AF) stained. The nucleus pulposus (NP) was assigned a staining score. Results Results showed no difference in AF staining between the 2 stains (P = 0.60). The depth of AF staining did not increase (P = 0.60) due to convection or disc height change via diurnal loading. The NP in all open end plate samples was stained completely by day 3. NP staining was decreased in blocked end plate samples (P = 0.07) and AF staining was significantly less in traction samples than in diffusion-only samples (P = 0.04). Conclusions This method showed that most small molecule nutrient transport occurs via the end plate. Compressive load was a negligible benefit or hindrance to transport. Traction hindered transport in the short term. This method can be used to study strategies for increasing nutrient transport in IVDs.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | e39 |
| Journal | World Neurosurgery |
| Volume | 99 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 1 2017 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- Annulus fibrosus
- Biomechanics
- Calcification
- Cell function
- Extracellular matrix
- Intervertebral disc
- Nucleus pulposus
- Nutrient transport
- Regeneration
- Spine
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Surgery
- Clinical Neurology
Cite this
Biomechanical and Endplate Effects on Nutrient Transport in the Intervertebral Disc. / Giers, Morgan B.; Munter, Bryce T.; Eyster, Kyle J.; Ide, George D.; Newcomb, Anna G.U.S.; Lehrman, Jennifer N.; Belykh, Evgenii; Byvaltsev, Vadim A.; Kelly, Brian P.; Preul, Mark C.; Theodore, Nicholas.
In: World Neurosurgery, Vol. 99, 01.03.2017, p. e39.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Biomechanical and Endplate Effects on Nutrient Transport in the Intervertebral Disc
AU - Giers, Morgan B.
AU - Munter, Bryce T.
AU - Eyster, Kyle J.
AU - Ide, George D.
AU - Newcomb, Anna G.U.S.
AU - Lehrman, Jennifer N.
AU - Belykh, Evgenii
AU - Byvaltsev, Vadim A.
AU - Kelly, Brian P.
AU - Preul, Mark C.
AU - Theodore, Nicholas
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - Background Physical data are lacking on nutrient transport in human intervertebral discs (IVDs), which support regeneration. Our objective was to study nutrient transport in porcine IVDs to determine the effects of biomechanical and physiological factors. Methods In vitro testing of whole porcine IVDs was performed under different loading conditions. Fifty cervical, thoracic, and lumbar discs with attached end plates were removed from 4 Yorkshire pigs (90–150 lbs). Discs were placed in Safranin O or Fast Green FCF histological stains in diffusion or diurnal compression-tested groups. The end plate was studied by the use of polyurethane to block it. Traction was studied with a mechanical testing frame. Discs were cut transversely and photographed. Images were analyzed for depth of annulus fibrosus (AF) stained. The nucleus pulposus (NP) was assigned a staining score. Results Results showed no difference in AF staining between the 2 stains (P = 0.60). The depth of AF staining did not increase (P = 0.60) due to convection or disc height change via diurnal loading. The NP in all open end plate samples was stained completely by day 3. NP staining was decreased in blocked end plate samples (P = 0.07) and AF staining was significantly less in traction samples than in diffusion-only samples (P = 0.04). Conclusions This method showed that most small molecule nutrient transport occurs via the end plate. Compressive load was a negligible benefit or hindrance to transport. Traction hindered transport in the short term. This method can be used to study strategies for increasing nutrient transport in IVDs.
AB - Background Physical data are lacking on nutrient transport in human intervertebral discs (IVDs), which support regeneration. Our objective was to study nutrient transport in porcine IVDs to determine the effects of biomechanical and physiological factors. Methods In vitro testing of whole porcine IVDs was performed under different loading conditions. Fifty cervical, thoracic, and lumbar discs with attached end plates were removed from 4 Yorkshire pigs (90–150 lbs). Discs were placed in Safranin O or Fast Green FCF histological stains in diffusion or diurnal compression-tested groups. The end plate was studied by the use of polyurethane to block it. Traction was studied with a mechanical testing frame. Discs were cut transversely and photographed. Images were analyzed for depth of annulus fibrosus (AF) stained. The nucleus pulposus (NP) was assigned a staining score. Results Results showed no difference in AF staining between the 2 stains (P = 0.60). The depth of AF staining did not increase (P = 0.60) due to convection or disc height change via diurnal loading. The NP in all open end plate samples was stained completely by day 3. NP staining was decreased in blocked end plate samples (P = 0.07) and AF staining was significantly less in traction samples than in diffusion-only samples (P = 0.04). Conclusions This method showed that most small molecule nutrient transport occurs via the end plate. Compressive load was a negligible benefit or hindrance to transport. Traction hindered transport in the short term. This method can be used to study strategies for increasing nutrient transport in IVDs.
KW - Annulus fibrosus
KW - Biomechanics
KW - Calcification
KW - Cell function
KW - Extracellular matrix
KW - Intervertebral disc
KW - Nucleus pulposus
KW - Nutrient transport
KW - Regeneration
KW - Spine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85010310929&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85010310929&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.041
DO - 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.041
M3 - Article
C2 - 28012886
AN - SCOPUS:85010310929
VL - 99
SP - e39
JO - World Neurosurgery
JF - World Neurosurgery
SN - 1878-8750
ER -