Abstract
Material selection for orthopedic implants is based upon considerations that can be categorized as material and structural properties, implant design, manufacturing, regulatory, or patient-related factors. The selection of materials also depends on the intended use of the implant (e.g., anatomic location, articulation, loading bearing). For these reasons, orthopedic implants may be made from metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, biologically derived materials, combination products, or some combination thereof. While traditional materials such as stainless steel, cobalt-based alloys, and titanium alloys are constantly being modified to be more effective biomaterials, resulting in improved medical devices, new materials continue to be explored as alternatives. The aim of this chapter is to review some of the fundamental characteristics of each of the materials. Material-associated complications arising from the biologic response to these materials, such as osteolysis and infection, will also be discussed.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Mechanical Testing of Orthopaedic Implants |
Publisher | Elsevier |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780081002865 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780081002841 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 23 2017 |
Keywords
- Biological implants
- Ceramics
- Combination products
- Composites
- Infection
- Metals
- Osteolysis
- Polymers
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine