TY - JOUR
T1 - Biomarkers of nutrition for development (BOND)-vitamin A review
AU - Tanumihardjo, Sherry A.
AU - Russell, Robert M.
AU - Stephensen, Charles B.
AU - Gannon, Bryan M.
AU - Craft, Neal E.
AU - Haskell, Marjorie J.
AU - Lietz, Georg
AU - Schulze, Kerry
AU - Raiten, Daniel J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Society for Nutrition.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-informed advice to anyonewith an interest in the role of nutrition in health. The BOND program provides information with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect, which will be especially useful for readerswho want to assess nutrient status. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutritional status at the individual and population levels. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, folate, zinc, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review of vitamin A is the current article in this series. Although the vitamin was discovered >100 y ago, vitamin A status assessment is not trivial. Serum retinol concentrations are under homeostatic control due in part to vitamin A's use in the body for growth and cellular differentiation and because of its toxic properties at high concentrations. Furthermore, serum retinol concentrations are depressed during infection and inflammation because retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a negative acute-phase reactant, which makes status assessment challenging. Thus, this review describes the clinical and functional indicators related to eye health and biochemical biomarkers of vitamin A status (i.e., serumretinol, RBP, breast-milk retinol, dose-response tests, isotope dilution methodology, and serum retinyl esters). These biomarkers are then related to liver vitamin A concentrations, which are usually considered the gold standard for vitamin A status. With regard to biomarkers, future research questions and gaps in our current understanding as well as limitations of the methods are described.
AB - The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-informed advice to anyonewith an interest in the role of nutrition in health. The BOND program provides information with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect, which will be especially useful for readerswho want to assess nutrient status. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutritional status at the individual and population levels. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, folate, zinc, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review of vitamin A is the current article in this series. Although the vitamin was discovered >100 y ago, vitamin A status assessment is not trivial. Serum retinol concentrations are under homeostatic control due in part to vitamin A's use in the body for growth and cellular differentiation and because of its toxic properties at high concentrations. Furthermore, serum retinol concentrations are depressed during infection and inflammation because retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a negative acute-phase reactant, which makes status assessment challenging. Thus, this review describes the clinical and functional indicators related to eye health and biochemical biomarkers of vitamin A status (i.e., serumretinol, RBP, breast-milk retinol, dose-response tests, isotope dilution methodology, and serum retinyl esters). These biomarkers are then related to liver vitamin A concentrations, which are usually considered the gold standard for vitamin A status. With regard to biomarkers, future research questions and gaps in our current understanding as well as limitations of the methods are described.
KW - BOND
KW - Breast milk
KW - Dose response tests
KW - Dried blood spot
KW - Isotope dilution
KW - Retinol-binding protein
KW - Serum retinol
KW - Vitamin A biomarkers
KW - Vitamin A review
KW - Xerophthalmia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84988883684&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84988883684&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3945/jn.115.229708
DO - 10.3945/jn.115.229708
M3 - Article
C2 - 27511929
AN - SCOPUS:84988883684
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 146
SP - 1816S-1848S
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 9
ER -