TY - JOUR
T1 - Baseline and long-term gamma-glutamyltransferase, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias in middle-aged Finnish men
T2 - Prospective study and pooled analysis of published evidence
AU - Kunutsor, Setor K.
AU - Laukkanen, Jari A.
AU - Bluemke, David A.
AU - Butler, Javed
AU - Khan, Hassan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© European Society of Cardiology.
PY - 2016/9/1
Y1 - 2016/9/1
N2 - Aim To assess the associations of baseline and long-term gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity with risk of heart failure (HF), ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods GGT measurements were made in a prospective cohort of 1780 men free of HF and cardiac arrhythmias at baseline. Correction for within-person variability was made using data from repeat measurements taken several years apart. Results During an average follow-up of 22 years, 222 HF, 56 VA and 336 AF events occurred. The regression dilution ratio of loge GGT was 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.74). Serum GGT was log-linearly associated with risk of HF, VAs and AF. In analyses adjusted for established risk factors, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) for HF, VAs and AF per 1 SD higher baseline loge GGT values were 1.25 (1.07-1.45), 1.37 (1.04-1.80) and 1.04 (0.92-1.18), respectively. After correction for within-person variability, the corresponding HRs were 1.38 (1.11-1.73), 1.58 (1.06-2.37) and 1.06 (0.88-1.27), respectively. These findings remained consistent in analyses accounting for incident coronary heart disease and the development of impaired renal function. In a meta-analysis of five population-based studies, the fully adjusted relative risks for HF per 1 SD higher baseline and long-term GGT values were 1.28 (1.20-1.35) and 1.43 (1.31-1.56), respectively. In a pooled analysis of two studies, the corresponding risks for AF were 1.09 (1.02-1.16) and 1.14 (1.03-1.25), respectively. Conclusion GGT is positively and log-linearly associated with future risk of HF, VAs and AF. Further research is needed in order to assess the causal relevance of these findings.
AB - Aim To assess the associations of baseline and long-term gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity with risk of heart failure (HF), ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods GGT measurements were made in a prospective cohort of 1780 men free of HF and cardiac arrhythmias at baseline. Correction for within-person variability was made using data from repeat measurements taken several years apart. Results During an average follow-up of 22 years, 222 HF, 56 VA and 336 AF events occurred. The regression dilution ratio of loge GGT was 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.74). Serum GGT was log-linearly associated with risk of HF, VAs and AF. In analyses adjusted for established risk factors, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CIs) for HF, VAs and AF per 1 SD higher baseline loge GGT values were 1.25 (1.07-1.45), 1.37 (1.04-1.80) and 1.04 (0.92-1.18), respectively. After correction for within-person variability, the corresponding HRs were 1.38 (1.11-1.73), 1.58 (1.06-2.37) and 1.06 (0.88-1.27), respectively. These findings remained consistent in analyses accounting for incident coronary heart disease and the development of impaired renal function. In a meta-analysis of five population-based studies, the fully adjusted relative risks for HF per 1 SD higher baseline and long-term GGT values were 1.28 (1.20-1.35) and 1.43 (1.31-1.56), respectively. In a pooled analysis of two studies, the corresponding risks for AF were 1.09 (1.02-1.16) and 1.14 (1.03-1.25), respectively. Conclusion GGT is positively and log-linearly associated with future risk of HF, VAs and AF. Further research is needed in order to assess the causal relevance of these findings.
KW - Gamma-glutamyltransferase
KW - atrial fibrillation
KW - heart failure
KW - ventricular arrhythmias
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U2 - 10.1177/2047487316644086
DO - 10.1177/2047487316644086
M3 - Article
C2 - 27084895
AN - SCOPUS:84981516265
SN - 2047-4873
VL - 23
SP - 1354
EP - 1362
JO - European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
JF - European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
IS - 13
ER -