TY - JOUR
T1 - Base Editing of Somatic Cells Using CRISPR-Cas9 in Drosophila
AU - Marr, Elizabeth
AU - Potter, Christopher J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was partly supported by the NIH NIDCD (R01DC013070, C.J.P.).
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2021, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2021.
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Cas9 and a guide RNA (gRNA) function to target specific genomic loci for generation of a double-stranded break. Catalytic dead versions of Cas9 (dCas9) no longer cause double-stranded breaks and instead can serve as molecular scaffolds to target additional enzymatic proteins to specific genomic loci. To generate mutations in selected genomic residues, dCas9 can be used for genomic base editing by fusing a cytidine deaminase (CD) to induce C > T (or G>A) mutations at targeted sites. In this study, we test base editing in Drosophila by expressing a transgenic Drosophila base editor (based on the mammalian BE2) that consists of a fusion protein of CD, dCas9, and uracil glycosylase inhibitor. We utilized transgenic lines expressing gRNAs along with pan-Tissue expression of the Drosophila base editor (Actin5C-BE2) and found high rates of base editing at multiple targeted loci in the 20 bp target sequence. Highest rates of conversion of C > T were found in positions 3-9 of the gRNA-Targeted site, with conversion reaching ∼100% of targeted DNA in somatic tissues. Surprisingly, the simultaneous use of two gRNAs targeting a genomic region spaced ∼50 bp apart led to mutations between the two gRNA targets, implicating a method to broaden the available sites accessible to targeting. These results indicate base editing is efficient in Drosophila, and could be used to induce point mutations at select loci.
AB - Cas9 and a guide RNA (gRNA) function to target specific genomic loci for generation of a double-stranded break. Catalytic dead versions of Cas9 (dCas9) no longer cause double-stranded breaks and instead can serve as molecular scaffolds to target additional enzymatic proteins to specific genomic loci. To generate mutations in selected genomic residues, dCas9 can be used for genomic base editing by fusing a cytidine deaminase (CD) to induce C > T (or G>A) mutations at targeted sites. In this study, we test base editing in Drosophila by expressing a transgenic Drosophila base editor (based on the mammalian BE2) that consists of a fusion protein of CD, dCas9, and uracil glycosylase inhibitor. We utilized transgenic lines expressing gRNAs along with pan-Tissue expression of the Drosophila base editor (Actin5C-BE2) and found high rates of base editing at multiple targeted loci in the 20 bp target sequence. Highest rates of conversion of C > T were found in positions 3-9 of the gRNA-Targeted site, with conversion reaching ∼100% of targeted DNA in somatic tissues. Surprisingly, the simultaneous use of two gRNAs targeting a genomic region spaced ∼50 bp apart led to mutations between the two gRNA targets, implicating a method to broaden the available sites accessible to targeting. These results indicate base editing is efficient in Drosophila, and could be used to induce point mutations at select loci.
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U2 - 10.1089/crispr.2021.0062
DO - 10.1089/crispr.2021.0062
M3 - Article
C2 - 34813372
AN - SCOPUS:85122148160
SN - 2573-1599
VL - 4
SP - 836
EP - 845
JO - CRISPR Journal
JF - CRISPR Journal
IS - 6
ER -