TY - JOUR
T1 - Attention, Not Performance, Correlates With Afterdischarge Termination During Cortical Stimulation
AU - Lesser, Ronald P.
AU - Webber, W. R.S.
AU - Miglioretti, Diana L.
AU - Mizuno-Matsumoto, Yuko
AU - Muramatsu, Ayumi
AU - Yamamoto, Yusuke
N1 - Funding Information:
Rebecca Fisher, Karen George, Viktar Kanasevich, and Noelle Stewart performed clinical stimulation testing. We would like to thank the members of the Mizuno–Matsumoto's Lab in the University of Hyogo for their helping analysis. Funding. Portions of this study were supported by the Dr. Charles R. Fields Epilepsy and Neuroscience fund and by gifts from patients and their families. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Lesser, Webber, Miglioretti, Mizuno-Matsumoto, Muramatsu and Yamamoto.
PY - 2021/1/22
Y1 - 2021/1/22
N2 - Cortical stimulation has been used for brain mapping for over a century, and a standard assumption is that stimulation interferes with task execution due to local effects at the stimulation site. Stimulation can however produce afterdischarges which interfere with functional localization and can lead to unwanted seizures. We previously showed that (a) cognitive effort can terminate these afterdischarges, (b) when termination thus occurs, there are electrocorticography changes throughout the cortex, not just at sites with afterdischarges or sites thought functionally important for the cognitive task used, and (c) thresholds for afterdischarges and functional responses can change among stimulation trials. We here show that afterdischarge termination can occur prior to overt performance of the cognitive tasks used to terminate them. These findings, taken together, demonstrate that task-related brain changes are not limited to one or a group of functional regions or a specific network, and not limited to the time directly surrounding overt task execution. Discrete locations, networks and times importantly underpin clinical behaviors. However, brain activity that is diffuse in location and extended in time also affect task execution and can affect brain mapping. This may in part reflect fluctuating levels of attention, engagement, or motivation during testing.
AB - Cortical stimulation has been used for brain mapping for over a century, and a standard assumption is that stimulation interferes with task execution due to local effects at the stimulation site. Stimulation can however produce afterdischarges which interfere with functional localization and can lead to unwanted seizures. We previously showed that (a) cognitive effort can terminate these afterdischarges, (b) when termination thus occurs, there are electrocorticography changes throughout the cortex, not just at sites with afterdischarges or sites thought functionally important for the cognitive task used, and (c) thresholds for afterdischarges and functional responses can change among stimulation trials. We here show that afterdischarge termination can occur prior to overt performance of the cognitive tasks used to terminate them. These findings, taken together, demonstrate that task-related brain changes are not limited to one or a group of functional regions or a specific network, and not limited to the time directly surrounding overt task execution. Discrete locations, networks and times importantly underpin clinical behaviors. However, brain activity that is diffuse in location and extended in time also affect task execution and can affect brain mapping. This may in part reflect fluctuating levels of attention, engagement, or motivation during testing.
KW - afterdischarges
KW - attention
KW - brain mapping
KW - cognition
KW - cortical stimulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100542232&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.3389/fnhum.2020.609188
DO - 10.3389/fnhum.2020.609188
M3 - Article
C2 - 33551776
AN - SCOPUS:85100542232
SN - 1662-5161
VL - 14
JO - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
M1 - 609188
ER -