TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substances concentrations with early adolescent bone mineral content and density
T2 - The health outcomes and measures of the environment (HOME) study
AU - Buckley, Jessie P.
AU - Kuiper, Jordan R.
AU - Lanphear, Bruce P.
AU - Calafat, Antonia M.
AU - Cecil, Kim M.
AU - Chen, Aimin
AU - Xu, Yingying
AU - Yolton, Kimberly
AU - Kalkwarf, Heidi J.
AU - Braun, Joseph M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH, R01 ES030078, R01 ES025214, R01ES020349, R01ES027224, P01ES011261). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. We are grateful to the participants for the time they have given to the HOME Study. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the U.S. CDC. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. CDC, the Public Health Service, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH, R01 ES030078, R01 ES025214, R01ES020349, R01ES027224, P01ES011261). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. We are grateful to the participants for the time they have given to the HOME Study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - BACKGROUND: Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impair bone accrual and strength via endocrine disruption and nuclear receptor ago-nism, but human studies are primarily of adults or cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES: We assessed associations of individual PFAS and their mixture during pregnancy with child bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at age 12 y. METHODS: Among 206 mother–child pairs enrolled in a prospective cohort (2003–2006), we quantified perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorono-nanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in maternal serum collected during gestation or delivery. When children were age 12 y, we performed dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and calculated BMC, aBMD, and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) z-scores for six skeletal sites. We estimated covariate-adjusted z-score differences per doubling of individual PFAS using linear regression and assessed the PFAS mixture using quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression. We explored whether associations were modified by child’s sex or mediated by whole-body lean mass. RESULTS: In covariate-adjusted models, we found that higher maternal serum concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, and the PFAS mixture were associated with lower total hip and forearm (one-third distal radius) BMC z-scores in children. Differences in forearm BMC z-scores were −0:17 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0:35, 0.01] and −0:24 (95% CI: −0:44, −0:05) per doubling of PFOA and PFNA, respectively, and −0:18 (95% CI: −0:34, −0:02) per quartile increase in the PFAS mixture. Child’s sex modified PFOA associations for some skeletal sites; for example, differences in spine BMAD z-score per doubling were −0:31 (95% CI: −0:58, −0:03) among males and 0.07 (95% CI: −0:16, 0.30) among females (modification p = 0:04). Except for PFNA among females, these associations were not mediated by whole-body lean mass. DISCUSSION: Maternal PFAS concentrations during pregnancy may be associated with lower bone mineral accrual and strength in early adolescence.
AB - BACKGROUND: Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impair bone accrual and strength via endocrine disruption and nuclear receptor ago-nism, but human studies are primarily of adults or cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES: We assessed associations of individual PFAS and their mixture during pregnancy with child bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at age 12 y. METHODS: Among 206 mother–child pairs enrolled in a prospective cohort (2003–2006), we quantified perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorono-nanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in maternal serum collected during gestation or delivery. When children were age 12 y, we performed dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and calculated BMC, aBMD, and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) z-scores for six skeletal sites. We estimated covariate-adjusted z-score differences per doubling of individual PFAS using linear regression and assessed the PFAS mixture using quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression. We explored whether associations were modified by child’s sex or mediated by whole-body lean mass. RESULTS: In covariate-adjusted models, we found that higher maternal serum concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, and the PFAS mixture were associated with lower total hip and forearm (one-third distal radius) BMC z-scores in children. Differences in forearm BMC z-scores were −0:17 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0:35, 0.01] and −0:24 (95% CI: −0:44, −0:05) per doubling of PFOA and PFNA, respectively, and −0:18 (95% CI: −0:34, −0:02) per quartile increase in the PFAS mixture. Child’s sex modified PFOA associations for some skeletal sites; for example, differences in spine BMAD z-score per doubling were −0:31 (95% CI: −0:58, −0:03) among males and 0.07 (95% CI: −0:16, 0.30) among females (modification p = 0:04). Except for PFNA among females, these associations were not mediated by whole-body lean mass. DISCUSSION: Maternal PFAS concentrations during pregnancy may be associated with lower bone mineral accrual and strength in early adolescence.
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U2 - 10.1289/EHP9424
DO - 10.1289/EHP9424
M3 - Article
C2 - 34585601
AN - SCOPUS:85116309739
SN - 0091-6765
VL - 129
JO - Environmental health perspectives
JF - Environmental health perspectives
IS - 9
M1 - 097011
ER -