Abstract
Objectives: Community-living older Medicare and Medicaid enrollees (“dual-enrollees”) have high care needs and commonly receive paid and unpaid long-term services and supports (LTSS) to help with routine activities. Little is known about whether receiving paid help or individuals’ state and neighborhood environmental context (“LTSS environment”) relates to dual-enrollees’ care experiences. Methods: We examine a sample of n = 979 community-dwelling dual-enrollees with disabilities from 2011 to 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study, linked to measures of neighborhood disadvantage and state Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) generosity. Logistic regression models stratified by dementia status assess associations between paid help and: (a) adverse consequences due to unmet care needs, and (b) participation restrictions in valued activities, among dual-enrollees with and without dementia, adjusting for individual and LTSS environmental characteristics. Results: Use of paid help was greater for those with (versus without) dementia (46.9% vs. 37.8%). Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with greater use of paid help among dual-enrollees living with dementia. High state Medicaid HCBS generosity was associated with the use of paid help, regardless of dementia status. Dual-enrollees with dementia receiving paid help had higher odds of experiencing adverse consequences due to unmet need (adjusted odds ratio = 2.05; 95% confidence interval 1.16–3.61; p = .02)―no significant associations were observed for participation restrictions. Use of paid help and LTSS environment were not significantly associated with care experiences for dual-enrollees without dementia. Discussion: Findings highlight the complexities of caring for dual-enrollees, particularly those with dementia, and emphasize the need to strengthen the delivery of paid care with considerations for the LTSS environment.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | E216-E225 |
Journal | Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences |
Volume | 77 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 1 2022 |
Keywords
- Cognitive impairment
- Home care
- Social determinants of health
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Health(social science)
- Life-span and Life-course Studies
- Sociology and Political Science