TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations between socioeconomic status markers and depressive symptoms by race and gender
T2 - results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
AU - Peplinski, Brandon
AU - McClelland, Robyn
AU - Szklo, Moyses
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by contracts HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169, and R01-HL-071759 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and by grants UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, and UL1-TR-001420 from NCATS. The authors thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org . The authors thank Kari Moore for her contributions to creating and compiling the census measures.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2018/8
Y1 - 2018/8
N2 - Purpose: Depression poses a significant public health burden, with varying prevalence by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). It is unclear whether race/ethnicity and gender modify relationships between SES and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate such effect modification. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants at the baseline (n = 5559). Multivariable logistic regression models stratified by race/ethnicity and gender were performed to evaluate associations between income, education, occupation, and neighborhood SES with depressive symptoms, defined by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale values of 16 or greater. Results: Depressive symptom odds were lower with increasing income, and this was pronounced in white women, black men, and Hispanic women. Lower odds of depressive symptoms were seen in management/professional occupations for Hispanic men, and in blacks as neighborhood SES increased. Education was not associated with odds of depressive symptoms. Multiplicative interaction terms were significant for gender-income (P =.028) and race/ethnicity-neighborhood (P =.010). Race/ethnicity-neighborhood interaction was also observed on the additive scale. Conclusions: Associations varied across races/ethnicities and gender, and evidence for effect modification was seen by gender with income, and by race/ethnicity with neighborhood SES. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of race/ethnicity and gender differences in SES related to depressive symptoms.
AB - Purpose: Depression poses a significant public health burden, with varying prevalence by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). It is unclear whether race/ethnicity and gender modify relationships between SES and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate such effect modification. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants at the baseline (n = 5559). Multivariable logistic regression models stratified by race/ethnicity and gender were performed to evaluate associations between income, education, occupation, and neighborhood SES with depressive symptoms, defined by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale values of 16 or greater. Results: Depressive symptom odds were lower with increasing income, and this was pronounced in white women, black men, and Hispanic women. Lower odds of depressive symptoms were seen in management/professional occupations for Hispanic men, and in blacks as neighborhood SES increased. Education was not associated with odds of depressive symptoms. Multiplicative interaction terms were significant for gender-income (P =.028) and race/ethnicity-neighborhood (P =.010). Race/ethnicity-neighborhood interaction was also observed on the additive scale. Conclusions: Associations varied across races/ethnicities and gender, and evidence for effect modification was seen by gender with income, and by race/ethnicity with neighborhood SES. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of race/ethnicity and gender differences in SES related to depressive symptoms.
KW - Continental population groups
KW - Depression
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Gender
KW - Health status disparities
KW - Mental disorder
KW - Social class
KW - Socioeconomic factors
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U2 - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.05.005
DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.05.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 29934242
AN - SCOPUS:85048829258
SN - 1047-2797
VL - 28
SP - 535-542.e1
JO - Annals of epidemiology
JF - Annals of epidemiology
IS - 8
ER -