TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of tenofovir exposure with kidney disease risk in HIV infection
AU - Scherzer, Rebecca
AU - Estrella, Michelle
AU - Li, Yongmei
AU - Choi, Andy I.
AU - Deeks, Steven G.
AU - Grunfeld, Carl
AU - Shlipak, Michael G.
PY - 2012/4/24
Y1 - 2012/4/24
N2 - Objective: Despite widespread HAART use, HIV disease remains associated with increased risk of kidney disease. Whether tenofovir use is associated with higher risk of kidney disease is controversial. Design: We evaluated the association of cumulative and ever exposure to tenofovir on kidney outcomes in 10841 HIV-infected patients from the Veterans Health Administration who initiated antiretroviral therapy from 1997 to 2007. Methods: Cox proportional hazards and marginal structural models evaluated associations between tenofovir and time to first occurrence of proteinuria (two consecutive urine dipstick measurements 30mg/dl), rapid decline in kidney function (3ml/min per 1.73m annual decline), and chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate <60ml/min per 1.73m). Results: Median follow-up ranged from 3.9 years (proteinuria) to 5.5 years (CKD), during which 3400 proteinuria, 3078 rapid decline, and 533 CKD events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, each year of exposure to tenofovir was associated with 34% increased risk of proteinuria [95% confidence interval (CI) 25-45, P<0.0001], 11% increased risk of rapid decline (3-18, P=0.0033), and 33% increased risk of CKD (18-51, P<0.0001). Preexisting renal risk factors did not appear to worsen the effects of tenofovir. Other antiretroviral drugs showed weaker or inconsistent associations with kidney disease events. Among those who discontinued tenofovir use, risk of kidney disease events did not appear to decrease during follow-up. Conclusion: Tenofovir exposure was independently associated with increased risk for three types of kidney disease events, and did not appear to be reversible. Because subtle kidney function decline affects long-term morbidity and mortality, the balance between efficacy and probable adverse effects requires further study.
AB - Objective: Despite widespread HAART use, HIV disease remains associated with increased risk of kidney disease. Whether tenofovir use is associated with higher risk of kidney disease is controversial. Design: We evaluated the association of cumulative and ever exposure to tenofovir on kidney outcomes in 10841 HIV-infected patients from the Veterans Health Administration who initiated antiretroviral therapy from 1997 to 2007. Methods: Cox proportional hazards and marginal structural models evaluated associations between tenofovir and time to first occurrence of proteinuria (two consecutive urine dipstick measurements 30mg/dl), rapid decline in kidney function (3ml/min per 1.73m annual decline), and chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate <60ml/min per 1.73m). Results: Median follow-up ranged from 3.9 years (proteinuria) to 5.5 years (CKD), during which 3400 proteinuria, 3078 rapid decline, and 533 CKD events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, each year of exposure to tenofovir was associated with 34% increased risk of proteinuria [95% confidence interval (CI) 25-45, P<0.0001], 11% increased risk of rapid decline (3-18, P=0.0033), and 33% increased risk of CKD (18-51, P<0.0001). Preexisting renal risk factors did not appear to worsen the effects of tenofovir. Other antiretroviral drugs showed weaker or inconsistent associations with kidney disease events. Among those who discontinued tenofovir use, risk of kidney disease events did not appear to decrease during follow-up. Conclusion: Tenofovir exposure was independently associated with increased risk for three types of kidney disease events, and did not appear to be reversible. Because subtle kidney function decline affects long-term morbidity and mortality, the balance between efficacy and probable adverse effects requires further study.
KW - HIV
KW - antiretroviral therapy
KW - kidney disease
KW - tenofovir
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U2 - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328351f68f
DO - 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328351f68f
M3 - Article
C2 - 22313955
AN - SCOPUS:84862777618
SN - 0269-9370
VL - 26
SP - 867
EP - 875
JO - AIDS
JF - AIDS
IS - 7
ER -