TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of serum calcium with serum sex steroid hormones in men in NHANES III
AU - Van Hemelrijck, Mieke
AU - Michaelsson, Karl
AU - Nelson, William G.
AU - Kanarek, Norma
AU - Dobs, Adrian
AU - Platz, Elizabeth A.
AU - Rohrmann, Sabine
N1 - Funding Information:
This is the 22nd study from the Hormone Demonstration Program, which is supported by the Maryland Cigarette Restitution Fund at Johns Hopkins.
PY - 2013/12
Y1 - 2013/12
N2 - Background: Bone is a positive regulator of male fertility, which indicates a link between regulation of bone remodeling and reproduction or more specifically a link between calcium and androgens. This possibly suggests how calcium is linked to prostate cancer development through its link with the reproductive system. We studied serum calcium and sex steroid hormones in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Methods: Serum calcium and sex steroid hormones were measured for 1262 men in NHANES III. We calculated multivariable-adjusted geometric means of serum concentrations of total and estimated free testosterone and estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide (AAG), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by categories of calcium (lowest 5% [<1.16mmol/L], mid 90%, top 5% [≥1.30mmol/L]). Results: Levels of total and free testosterone, total estradiol or AAG did not differ across categories of serum calcium. Adjusted SHBG concentrations were 36.4 for the bottom 5%, 34.2 for the mid 90% and 38.9nmol/L for the top 5% of serum calcium (Ptrend=0.006), free estradiol levels were 0.88, 0.92 and 0.80pg/ml (Ptrend=0.048). Conclusions: This link between calcium and sex steroid hormones, in particular the U-shaped pattern with SHBG, may, in part, explain why observational studies have found a link between serum calcium and risk of prostate cancer.
AB - Background: Bone is a positive regulator of male fertility, which indicates a link between regulation of bone remodeling and reproduction or more specifically a link between calcium and androgens. This possibly suggests how calcium is linked to prostate cancer development through its link with the reproductive system. We studied serum calcium and sex steroid hormones in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Methods: Serum calcium and sex steroid hormones were measured for 1262 men in NHANES III. We calculated multivariable-adjusted geometric means of serum concentrations of total and estimated free testosterone and estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide (AAG), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) by categories of calcium (lowest 5% [<1.16mmol/L], mid 90%, top 5% [≥1.30mmol/L]). Results: Levels of total and free testosterone, total estradiol or AAG did not differ across categories of serum calcium. Adjusted SHBG concentrations were 36.4 for the bottom 5%, 34.2 for the mid 90% and 38.9nmol/L for the top 5% of serum calcium (Ptrend=0.006), free estradiol levels were 0.88, 0.92 and 0.80pg/ml (Ptrend=0.048). Conclusions: This link between calcium and sex steroid hormones, in particular the U-shaped pattern with SHBG, may, in part, explain why observational studies have found a link between serum calcium and risk of prostate cancer.
KW - Cross-sectional studies
KW - Gonadal steroid hormones
KW - Serum calcium
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U2 - 10.3109/13685538.2013.772133
DO - 10.3109/13685538.2013.772133
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23672276
AN - SCOPUS:84890109335
SN - 1368-5538
VL - 16
SP - 151
EP - 158
JO - Aging Male
JF - Aging Male
IS - 4
ER -