TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART era
T2 - A report from the women's interagency HIV study
AU - Feldman, Joseph G.
AU - Minkoff, Howard
AU - Schneider, Michael F.
AU - Gange, Stephen J.
AU - Cohen, Mardge
AU - Watts, D. Heather
AU - Gandhi, Monica
AU - Mocharnuk, Robert S.
AU - Anastos, Kathryn
PY - 2006/6
Y1 - 2006/6
N2 - Objective. We assessed the association of cigarette smoking with the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among low-income women. Methods. Data were analyzed from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multisite longitudinal study up to 7.9 years for 924 women representing 72% of all women who initiated HAART between July 1, 1995, and September 30, 2003. Results. When Cox's regression was used after control for age, race, hepatitis C infection, illicit drug use, previous antiretroviral therapy, and previous AIDS, smokers on HAART had poorer viral responses (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67, 0.93) and poorer immunologic response (HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.99). A greater risk of virologic rebound (HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.69) and more frequent immunologic failure (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.96) were also observed among smokers. There was a higher risk of death (HR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.19) and a higher risk of developing AIDS (HR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.72) but no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in the risk of death due to AIDS. Conclusions. Some of the benefits provided by HAART are negated in cigarette smokers.
AB - Objective. We assessed the association of cigarette smoking with the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among low-income women. Methods. Data were analyzed from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multisite longitudinal study up to 7.9 years for 924 women representing 72% of all women who initiated HAART between July 1, 1995, and September 30, 2003. Results. When Cox's regression was used after control for age, race, hepatitis C infection, illicit drug use, previous antiretroviral therapy, and previous AIDS, smokers on HAART had poorer viral responses (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67, 0.93) and poorer immunologic response (HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.99). A greater risk of virologic rebound (HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.69) and more frequent immunologic failure (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.96) were also observed among smokers. There was a higher risk of death (HR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.19) and a higher risk of developing AIDS (HR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.72) but no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in the risk of death due to AIDS. Conclusions. Some of the benefits provided by HAART are negated in cigarette smokers.
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U2 - 10.2105/AJPH.2005.062745
DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2005.062745
M3 - Article
C2 - 16670229
AN - SCOPUS:33744779438
SN - 0090-0036
VL - 96
SP - 1060
EP - 1065
JO - American journal of public health
JF - American journal of public health
IS - 6
ER -