TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of Bacterial Vaginosis with Vitamin D in Pregnancy
T2 - Secondary Analysis from the Kellogg Pregnancy Study
AU - Powell, Anna Maya
AU - Shary, Judy R.
AU - Louden, Christopher
AU - Ramakrishnan, Vishwanathan
AU - Eckard, Allison Ross
AU - Wagner, Carol L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funded by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation and by the South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research (SCTR) Institute, with an academic home at the Medical University of South Carolina, NIH/NCAT grant number UL1 TR000062. Vitamin D study drug and placebo provided by Church & Dwight (Princeton, NJ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Objective ?Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with vitamin D deficiency and poor pregnancy outcomes. We studied a nested cohort from a randomized controlled trial to investigate the association between BV and vitamin D concentration in pregnancy. Study Design ?Subjects with randomly assigned 400 versus 4,400 IU of daily cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) had vaginal swabs collected for Gram staining and Nugent score calculation, as well as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurement at three pregnancy time points. Results ?Fifty-two (21.2%) of the 245 women included in the analysis were diagnosed with BV at study entry. Women with BV were also more likely to be African American (p < 0.0001) and have lower 25(OH)D concentrations at 22 to 24 weeks' gestation (p = 0.03). There were no differences in pregnancy outcomes of interest within this group compared with the remaining study subjects. In mixed regression modeling, while race (p = 0.001) and age (p = 0.03) were significant predictors of BV prevalence independently, 25(OH)D concentration (p = 0.81), gestational age (p = 0.06), and body mass index (p = 0.87) were not. Conclusion ?Neither vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy nor supplementation decreased BV incidence during pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy) were similar among women with and without BV.
AB - Objective ?Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with vitamin D deficiency and poor pregnancy outcomes. We studied a nested cohort from a randomized controlled trial to investigate the association between BV and vitamin D concentration in pregnancy. Study Design ?Subjects with randomly assigned 400 versus 4,400 IU of daily cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) had vaginal swabs collected for Gram staining and Nugent score calculation, as well as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) measurement at three pregnancy time points. Results ?Fifty-two (21.2%) of the 245 women included in the analysis were diagnosed with BV at study entry. Women with BV were also more likely to be African American (p < 0.0001) and have lower 25(OH)D concentrations at 22 to 24 weeks' gestation (p = 0.03). There were no differences in pregnancy outcomes of interest within this group compared with the remaining study subjects. In mixed regression modeling, while race (p = 0.001) and age (p = 0.03) were significant predictors of BV prevalence independently, 25(OH)D concentration (p = 0.81), gestational age (p = 0.06), and body mass index (p = 0.87) were not. Conclusion ?Neither vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy nor supplementation decreased BV incidence during pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy) were similar among women with and without BV.
KW - Gram stain
KW - bacterial vaginosis
KW - pregnancy
KW - vitamin D supplementation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069038739&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069038739&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1055/s-0039-1693163
DO - 10.1055/s-0039-1693163
M3 - Article
C2 - 31304052
AN - SCOPUS:85069038739
SN - 2157-6998
VL - 9
SP - E226-E234
JO - AJP Reports
JF - AJP Reports
IS - 3
ER -