TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of 24-Hour Blood Pressure with Urinary Sodium Excretion in Healthy Adults
AU - Van Der Stouwe, Jan Gerrit
AU - Carmeli, Cristian
AU - Aeschbacher, Stefanie
AU - Schoen, Tobias
AU - Krisai, Philipp
AU - Wenger, Giuditta
AU - Ehret, Georg
AU - Ponte, Belen
AU - Pruijm, Menno
AU - Ackermann, Daniel
AU - Guessous, Idris
AU - Paccaud, Fred
AU - Pechère-Bertschi, Antoinette
AU - Vogt, Bruno
AU - Mohaupt, Markus G.
AU - Martin, Pierre Yves
AU - Burnier, Michel
AU - Risch, Martin
AU - Risch, Lorenz
AU - Bochud, Murielle
AU - Conen, David
PY - 2018/6/11
Y1 - 2018/6/11
N2 - Background: While the positive relationship between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) is well established for middle-aged to elderly individuals using office BP, data are limited for younger individuals and ambulatory BP measurements. Methods: Our analysis included 2,899 individuals aged 18 to 90 years from 2 population-based studies (GAPP, Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension [SKIPOGH]). Participants with prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or on BP-lowering treatment were excluded. In SKIPOGH, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was used as a measure of sodium intake, while in GAPP it was calculated from fasting morning urinary samples using the Kawasaki formula. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the relationships of 24-hour urinary salt excretion with office and ambulatory BP measurements. Results: Mean age, ambulatory BP, sodium excretion, and estimated glomerular filtration rate in GAPP and SKIPOGH were 35 and 44 years, 123/78 and 118/77 mm Hg, 4.2 and 3.3 g/d, and 110 and 99 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. A weak linear association was observed between 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP and urinary sodium excretion (β (95% confidence interval [CI]) per 1 g increase in sodium excretion (0.33 % (0.09; 0.57); P = 0.008). No significant relationships were observed for 24-hour ambulatory diastolic BP (β (95% CI) (0.13 % (-0.15; 0.40) P = 0.37). When repeating the analyses in different age groups, all BP indices appeared to have stronger relationships in the older age groups (>40 years). Conclusions: In these large cohorts of healthy adults, urinary sodium excretion was only weakly associated with systolic 24-hour ambulatory BP.
AB - Background: While the positive relationship between urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) is well established for middle-aged to elderly individuals using office BP, data are limited for younger individuals and ambulatory BP measurements. Methods: Our analysis included 2,899 individuals aged 18 to 90 years from 2 population-based studies (GAPP, Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension [SKIPOGH]). Participants with prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or on BP-lowering treatment were excluded. In SKIPOGH, 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was used as a measure of sodium intake, while in GAPP it was calculated from fasting morning urinary samples using the Kawasaki formula. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the relationships of 24-hour urinary salt excretion with office and ambulatory BP measurements. Results: Mean age, ambulatory BP, sodium excretion, and estimated glomerular filtration rate in GAPP and SKIPOGH were 35 and 44 years, 123/78 and 118/77 mm Hg, 4.2 and 3.3 g/d, and 110 and 99 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. A weak linear association was observed between 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP and urinary sodium excretion (β (95% confidence interval [CI]) per 1 g increase in sodium excretion (0.33 % (0.09; 0.57); P = 0.008). No significant relationships were observed for 24-hour ambulatory diastolic BP (β (95% CI) (0.13 % (-0.15; 0.40) P = 0.37). When repeating the analyses in different age groups, all BP indices appeared to have stronger relationships in the older age groups (>40 years). Conclusions: In these large cohorts of healthy adults, urinary sodium excretion was only weakly associated with systolic 24-hour ambulatory BP.
KW - 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure
KW - Blood pressure
KW - epidemiology
KW - hypertension
KW - Kawasaki
KW - office blood pressure
KW - urinary salt excretion
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U2 - 10.1093/ajh/hpy031
DO - 10.1093/ajh/hpy031
M3 - Article
C2 - 29481641
AN - SCOPUS:85048696778
SN - 0895-7061
VL - 31
SP - 784
EP - 791
JO - American Journal of Hypertension
JF - American Journal of Hypertension
IS - 7
ER -