TY - JOUR
T1 - Association Between Enacted Stigma and HIV-Related Risk Behavior Among MSM, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, 2011
AU - for the NHBS study group
AU - Balaji, Alexandra B.
AU - Bowles, Kristina E.
AU - Hess, Kristen L.
AU - Smith, Justin C.
AU - Paz-Bailey, Gabriela
AU - Taussig, Jennifer
AU - Gern, Robert
AU - Hoyte, Tamika
AU - Salazar, Laura
AU - White, Jianglan
AU - Todd, Jeff
AU - Bautista, Greg
AU - Flynn, Colin
AU - Sifakis, Frangiscos
AU - German, Danielle
AU - Isenberg, Debbie
AU - Driscoll, Maura
AU - Hurwitz, Elizabeth
AU - Miminos,
AU - Doherty, Rose
AU - Wittke, Chris
AU - Prachand, Nikhil
AU - Benbow, Nanette
AU - Melville, Sharon
AU - Pannala, Praveen
AU - Yeager, Richard
AU - Sayegh, Aaron
AU - Dyer, Jim
AU - Sheu, Shane
AU - Novoa, Alicia
AU - Thrun, Mark
AU - Al-Tayyib, Alia
AU - Wilmoth, Ralph
AU - Higgins, Emily
AU - Griffin, Vivian
AU - Mokotoff, Eve
AU - MacMaster, Karen
AU - Wolverton, Marcia
AU - Risser, Jan
AU - Rehman, Hafeez
AU - Padgett, Paige
AU - Bingham, Trista
AU - Sey, Ekow Kwa
AU - LaLota, Marlene
AU - Metsch, Lisa
AU - Forrest, David
AU - Beck, Dano
AU - Cardenas, Gabriel
AU - Nemeth, Chris
AU - Anderson, Bridget J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and CDC.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York (outside the USA).
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - MSM bear a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic. Enacted stigma (overt negative actions) against sexual minorities may play an important role in increasing HIV risk among this population. Using data from the 2011 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system, MSM cycle, we examined the independent associations between three measures of enacted stigma (verbal harassment, discrimination, physical assault) and engagement in each of four HIV-related risk behaviors as outcomes: condomless anal intercourse (CAI) at last sex with a male partner of HIV discordant or unknown status and, in the past 12 months, CAI with a male partner, ≥4 male sex partners, and exchange sex. Of 9819 MSM, 32% experienced verbal harassment in the past 12 months, 23% experienced discrimination, and 8% experienced physical assault. Discordant CAI at last sex with a male partner was associated with previous discrimination and physical assault. Past 12 month CAI with a male partner, ≥4 male sex partners, and exchange sex were each associated with verbal harassment, discrimination, and physical assault. These findings indicate that a sizable proportion of MSM report occurrences of past 12 month enacted stigma and suggest that these experiences may be associated with HIV-related risk behavior. Addressing stigma towards sexual minorities must involve an integrated, multi-faceted approach, including interventions at the individual, community, and societal level.
AB - MSM bear a disproportionate burden of the HIV epidemic. Enacted stigma (overt negative actions) against sexual minorities may play an important role in increasing HIV risk among this population. Using data from the 2011 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system, MSM cycle, we examined the independent associations between three measures of enacted stigma (verbal harassment, discrimination, physical assault) and engagement in each of four HIV-related risk behaviors as outcomes: condomless anal intercourse (CAI) at last sex with a male partner of HIV discordant or unknown status and, in the past 12 months, CAI with a male partner, ≥4 male sex partners, and exchange sex. Of 9819 MSM, 32% experienced verbal harassment in the past 12 months, 23% experienced discrimination, and 8% experienced physical assault. Discordant CAI at last sex with a male partner was associated with previous discrimination and physical assault. Past 12 month CAI with a male partner, ≥4 male sex partners, and exchange sex were each associated with verbal harassment, discrimination, and physical assault. These findings indicate that a sizable proportion of MSM report occurrences of past 12 month enacted stigma and suggest that these experiences may be associated with HIV-related risk behavior. Addressing stigma towards sexual minorities must involve an integrated, multi-faceted approach, including interventions at the individual, community, and societal level.
KW - HIV-related risk behavior
KW - MSM
KW - National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System
KW - Stigma
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U2 - 10.1007/s10461-016-1599-z
DO - 10.1007/s10461-016-1599-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 27830344
AN - SCOPUS:84994495954
SN - 1090-7165
VL - 21
SP - 227
EP - 237
JO - AIDS and behavior
JF - AIDS and behavior
IS - 1
ER -