@article{cbf8104d02ab431d8b11bc152bc6bddf,
title = "Association between chronic Hepatitis C virus infection and myocardial infarction among people living with HIV in the United States",
abstract = "Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Extrahepatic manifestations of HCV, including myocardial infarction (MI), are a topic of active research. MI is classified into types, predominantly atheroembolic type 1 MI (T1MI) and supply-demand mismatch type 2 MI (T2MI). We examined the association between HCV and MI among patients in the Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems, a US multicenter clinical cohort of PLWH. MIs were centrally adjudicated and categorized by type using the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. We estimated the association between chronic HCV (RNA+) and time to MI while adjusting for demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical characteristics, and history of injecting drug use. Among 23,407 PLWH aged ≥18 years, there were 336 T1MIs and 330 T2MIs during a median of 4.7 years of follow-up between 1998 and 2016. HCV was associated with a 46% greater risk of T2MI (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.97) but not T1MI (aHR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.29). In an exploratory cause-specific analysis of T2MI, HCV was associated with a 2-fold greater risk of T2MI attributed to sepsis (aHR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.24). Extrahepatic manifestations of HCV in this high-risk population are an important area for continued research.",
keywords = "Chronic hepatitis C infection, HIV, HIV coinfection, Hepatitis C virus, Myocardial infarction, People living with HIV, Type 2 myocardial infarction",
author = "Jessica Williams-Nguyen and Hawes, {Stephen E.} and Nance, {Robin M.} and Sara Lindstr{\"o}m and Heckbert, {Susan R.} and {Nina Kim}, H. and {Chris Mathews}, W. and Cachay, {Edward R.} and Matt Budoff and Hurt, {Christopher B.} and Hunt, {Peter W.} and Elvin Geng and Moore, {Richard D.} and Mugavero, {Michael J.} and Inga Peter and Kitahata, {Mari M.} and Saag, {Michael S.} and Crane, {Heidi M.} and Delaney, {Joseph A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Author affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Jessica Williams-Nguyen, Stephen E. Hawes, Sara Lindstr{\"o}m, Susan R. Heckbert, Joseph A. Delaney); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington (Jessica Williams-Nguyen, Sara Lindstr{\"o}m); Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Robin M. Nance, H. Nina Kim, Mari M. Kitahata, Heidi M. Crane); Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (H. Nina Kim, Mari M. Kitahata, Heidi M. Crane); Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Susan R. Heckbert, Joseph A. Delaney); Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California (W. Chris Mathews, Edward R. Cachay); Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California (Matt Budoff); Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Christopher B. Hurt); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Peter W. Hunt, Elvin Geng); Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Richard D. Moore); Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Richard D. Moore); Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (Michael J. Mugavero, Michael S. Saag); and Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Inga Peter). This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants R24 AI067039 (CNICS), R24S AI067039 (CNICS MI supplement), R01 HL126538, R01HL125027, U01AA020793, P30 AI027757 (University of Washington Center for AIDS Research), P30AI117943 (Third Coast Center for AIDS Research), U01DA037702, and U01AA020793) and the American Heart Association (grant 16FTF31200010). Conflict of interest: none declared. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.",
year = "2020",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/aje/kwz236",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "189",
pages = "554--563",
journal = "American Journal of Epidemiology",
issn = "0002-9262",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "6",
}