TY - JOUR
T1 - Arteriovenous malformations and carotid-cavernous fistulae
AU - Subramanian, Prem S.
AU - Williams, Zoë R.
PY - 2009/6/1
Y1 - 2009/6/1
N2 - AVMs are congenital lesions that may grow with age and present with a number of ophthalmologic or neurologic symptoms. Treatment is directed at preventing intracranial hemorrhage and reducing functional morbidity. Carotid-cavernous fistulae may result from trauma or occur spontaneously, with high or low flow respectively. Many lesions will resolve with conservative management, but treatment is indicated when ophthalmic complications such as glaucoma occur. Long-term outcome of treatment in both conditions is excellent, with modern interventional neuroradiologic and radiosurgical techniques complementing the talents of the orbital surgeon and neurosurgeon.
AB - AVMs are congenital lesions that may grow with age and present with a number of ophthalmologic or neurologic symptoms. Treatment is directed at preventing intracranial hemorrhage and reducing functional morbidity. Carotid-cavernous fistulae may result from trauma or occur spontaneously, with high or low flow respectively. Many lesions will resolve with conservative management, but treatment is indicated when ophthalmic complications such as glaucoma occur. Long-term outcome of treatment in both conditions is excellent, with modern interventional neuroradiologic and radiosurgical techniques complementing the talents of the orbital surgeon and neurosurgeon.
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U2 - 10.1097/IIO.0b013e3181a8d7ac
DO - 10.1097/IIO.0b013e3181a8d7ac
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19584623
AN - SCOPUS:68949098200
VL - 49
SP - 81
EP - 102
JO - International Ophthalmology Clinics
JF - International Ophthalmology Clinics
SN - 0020-8167
IS - 3
ER -