Aortic atheroma is related to outcome but not numbers of emboli during coronary bypass

Background. The relation between aortic atheroma severity and stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting is established. The relation between atheroma severity and other outcome measures or numbers of emboli has not been determined. Methods. Using transesophageal echocardiography, we determined the severity of atheroma in the ascending, arch, and descending aortic segments in 84 patients undergoing operations. Seventy patients were monitored using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Results. The incidence of stroke was 33.3% among 9 patients with mobile plaque of the arch and 2.7% among 74 patients with nonmobile plaque (p = 0.011). Cardiac complications were not significantly related to atheroma severity in any aortic segment. Length of stay was significantly related to atheroma severity in the aortic arch (p = 0.025) and descending segment (p = 0.024). The presence of severe atheroma in both the arch and descending segments was associated with significantly longer hospital stays as compared with patients with severe atheroma in neither segment (p = 0.05). Numbers of emboli were greater in patients with severe atheroma at clamp placement, although the differences did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions. Aortic atheroma severity is related to stroke and to the duration of hospitalization after coronary artery bypass grafting. The lack of correlation between numbers of emboli and atheroma severity suggests that many emboli may be nonatheromatous in nature.