TY - JOUR
T1 - Antiretroviral therapy for HIV and intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication
AU - Quinn, Jeffrey R.
AU - Goyal, Ashish
AU - Ribeiro, Ruy M.
AU - Massaccesi, Guido
AU - Bailey, Justin R.
AU - Thomas, David L.
AU - Balagopal, Ashwin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/3/1
Y1 - 2022/3/1
N2 - Objective: HIV alters host responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HCV is rarely understood in relevant tissues and never before within individual hepatocytes. Design: HIV and HCV kinetics were studied before and after ART initiation among 19 HIV/HCV co-infected persons. From five persons with the largest decline in plasma HCV RNA, liver tissues collected before and during ART, when plasma HIV RNA was undetectable, were studied. Methods: We used single-cell laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR to assess intrahepatic HCV. Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize intrahepatic immune cell populations. Results: Plasma HCV RNA declined by 0.81 (0.52-1.60) log10 IU/ml from a median (range) 7.26 (6.05-7.29) log10 IU/ml and correlated with proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r=0.89, P=2-10-5), which declined from median (range) of 37% (6- 49%) to 23% (0.5-52%) after plasma HIV clearance. Median (range) HCV RNA abundance within cells was unchanged in four of five participants. Liver T-cell abundance unexpectedly decreased, whereas natural killer (NK) and NK T-cell infiltration increased, correlating with changes in proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r=-0.82 and r=-0.73, respectively). Hepatocyte expression of HLA-E, an NK cell restriction marker, correlated with proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r=0.79). Conclusion: These are the first data to show that ART control ofHIV reduces the intrahepatic burden of HCV. Furthermore, our data suggest that HIV affects the pathogenesis of HCV infection by an NK/NK T-cell-mediated mechanism that may involve HLA-E and can be rescued, at least in part, by ART.
AB - Objective: HIV alters host responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HCV is rarely understood in relevant tissues and never before within individual hepatocytes. Design: HIV and HCV kinetics were studied before and after ART initiation among 19 HIV/HCV co-infected persons. From five persons with the largest decline in plasma HCV RNA, liver tissues collected before and during ART, when plasma HIV RNA was undetectable, were studied. Methods: We used single-cell laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR to assess intrahepatic HCV. Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize intrahepatic immune cell populations. Results: Plasma HCV RNA declined by 0.81 (0.52-1.60) log10 IU/ml from a median (range) 7.26 (6.05-7.29) log10 IU/ml and correlated with proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r=0.89, P=2-10-5), which declined from median (range) of 37% (6- 49%) to 23% (0.5-52%) after plasma HIV clearance. Median (range) HCV RNA abundance within cells was unchanged in four of five participants. Liver T-cell abundance unexpectedly decreased, whereas natural killer (NK) and NK T-cell infiltration increased, correlating with changes in proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r=-0.82 and r=-0.73, respectively). Hepatocyte expression of HLA-E, an NK cell restriction marker, correlated with proportions of HCV-infected hepatocytes (r=0.79). Conclusion: These are the first data to show that ART control ofHIV reduces the intrahepatic burden of HCV. Furthermore, our data suggest that HIV affects the pathogenesis of HCV infection by an NK/NK T-cell-mediated mechanism that may involve HLA-E and can be rescued, at least in part, by ART.
KW - Antiretroviral therapy
KW - HIV
KW - Hepatitis C virus
KW - Interferon laser capture microdissection
KW - Liver
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U2 - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003116
DO - 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003116
M3 - Article
C2 - 34690280
AN - SCOPUS:85123901046
SN - 0269-9370
VL - 36
SP - 337
EP - 346
JO - AIDS
JF - AIDS
IS - 3
ER -