@article{9cda221b1b724767bd5db33b2a739506,
title = "Antigenic and virological properties of an H3N2 variant that continues to dominate the 2021–22 Northern Hemisphere influenza season",
abstract = "Influenza viruses circulated at very low levels during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and population immunity against these viruses is low. An H3N2 strain (3C.2a1b.2a2) with a hemagglutinin (HA) that has several substitutions relative to the 2021–22 H3N2 vaccine strain is dominating the 2021–22 Northern Hemisphere influenza season. Here, we show that one of these substitutions eliminates a key glycosylation site on HA and alters sialic acid binding. Using glycan array profiling, we show that the 3C.2a1b.2a2 H3 maintains binding to an extended biantennary sialoside and replicates to high titers in human airway cells. We find that antibodies elicited by the 2021–22 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine poorly neutralize the 3C.2a1b.2a2 H3N2 strain. Together, these data indicate that 3C.2a1b.2a2 H3N2 viruses efficiently replicate in human cells and escape vaccine-elicited antibodies.",
keywords = "CP: Microbiology, antibody, antigenic mismatch, influenza vaccine, influenza virus",
author = "Bolton, {Marcus J.} and Ort, {Jordan T.} and Ryan McBride and Swanson, {Nicholas J.} and Jo Wilson and Moses Awofolaju and Colleen Furey and Greenplate, {Allison R.} and Drapeau, {Elizabeth M.} and Andrew Pekosz and Paulson, {James C.} and Hensley, {Scott E.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Yoshihiro Kawaoka for providing hCK cells and Sarah Cobey for providing comments on the manuscript. We thank Penn's Immune Health for processing human samples for this study. This project has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. 75N93021C00015, Contract No. 7N593021C00045, and Grant Nos. 1R01AI108686 and 1R01AI114730. S.E.H. holds an Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Conceptualization, M.J.B. E.M.D. and S.E.H.; investigation, M.J.B. J.T.O. R.M. N.J.S. J.W. M.A. and C.F.; coordination and processing of clinical samples, A.R.G. and E.M.D.; writing – original draft, M.J.B. and S.E.H.; writing – review & editing, M.J.B. S.E.H. J.C.P. and A.P.; supervision, S.E.H. J.C.P. and A.P.; funding acquisition, S.E.H. J.C.P. and A.P. S.E.H. reports receiving consulting fees from Sanofi Pasteur, Lumen, Novavax, and Merck. Funding Information: We thank Yoshihiro Kawaoka for providing hCK cells and Sarah Cobey for providing comments on the manuscript. We thank Penn{\textquoteright}s Immune Health for processing human samples for this study. This project has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Department of Health and Human Services , under Contract No. 75N93021C00015 , Contract No. 7N593021C00045 , and Grant Nos. 1R01AI108686 and 1R01AI114730 . S.E.H. holds an Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2022",
month = may,
day = "31",
doi = "10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110897",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "39",
journal = "Cell Reports",
issn = "2211-1247",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "9",
}