TY - JOUR
T1 - Antibiotic supplementation of intraocular irrigating solutions
T2 - An in vitro model of antibacterial action
AU - Gritz, D. C.
AU - Cevallos, A. V.
AU - Smolin, G.
AU - Whitcher, Jr
AU - Jones, D. B.
N1 - Funding Information:
Originally received: October 30, 1995. Revision accepted: March 29, 1996. I F. I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology, San Francisco. 2 University of California at San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco. Presented at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, October 1995. Supported by the F. I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology Endowment, San Francisco, California. None of the authors have proprietary interest in any of these products, companies, or competitors.
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - Purpose: The addition of antibiotics to infusion solutions for cataract surgery is becoming increasingly popular. The authors developed an in vitro model to evaluate antibacterial effects of this use of antibiotics. Methods: Clinical isolates and/or reference strains of the following organisms were examined: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus spp, Proprionibacterium acnes, Moraxella nonliquifaciens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Standardized suspensions of each organism were incubated with a control solution (Balanced Salt Solution) or Balanced Salt Solution containing the following antibiotics: vancomycin (20 μg/ml) or gentamicin (8 μg/ml) or gentamicin and vancomycin combined (8 and 20 μg/ml, respectively). Suspensions were incubated for 30, 60, and 120 minutes at room temperature. Samples were centrifuged, and the organisms were washed with Balanced Salt Solution before quantitative culturing. Each organism also was incubated for 48 hours in Mueller-Hinton broth with the same antibiotic concentrations. Results: Most of the organisms were not affected by exposure to the antibiotics for up to 140 minutes. P. aeruginosa and M. nonliquifaciens were exceptions, decreasing in colony numbers even with 30 minutes of exposure. Several Staphylococcus spp yielded variable results. All organisms demonstrated nearly complete inhibition of growth when exposed for an extended time to the appropriate antibiotic in broth. Conclusions: Exposure to antibiotics for a short period of time, such as during intraocular surgery, generally has no effect on organisms commonly responsible for endophthalmitis. The use of antibiotics in this manner should be critically reassessed until further study.
AB - Purpose: The addition of antibiotics to infusion solutions for cataract surgery is becoming increasingly popular. The authors developed an in vitro model to evaluate antibacterial effects of this use of antibiotics. Methods: Clinical isolates and/or reference strains of the following organisms were examined: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus spp, Proprionibacterium acnes, Moraxella nonliquifaciens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Standardized suspensions of each organism were incubated with a control solution (Balanced Salt Solution) or Balanced Salt Solution containing the following antibiotics: vancomycin (20 μg/ml) or gentamicin (8 μg/ml) or gentamicin and vancomycin combined (8 and 20 μg/ml, respectively). Suspensions were incubated for 30, 60, and 120 minutes at room temperature. Samples were centrifuged, and the organisms were washed with Balanced Salt Solution before quantitative culturing. Each organism also was incubated for 48 hours in Mueller-Hinton broth with the same antibiotic concentrations. Results: Most of the organisms were not affected by exposure to the antibiotics for up to 140 minutes. P. aeruginosa and M. nonliquifaciens were exceptions, decreasing in colony numbers even with 30 minutes of exposure. Several Staphylococcus spp yielded variable results. All organisms demonstrated nearly complete inhibition of growth when exposed for an extended time to the appropriate antibiotic in broth. Conclusions: Exposure to antibiotics for a short period of time, such as during intraocular surgery, generally has no effect on organisms commonly responsible for endophthalmitis. The use of antibiotics in this manner should be critically reassessed until further study.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30521-6
DO - 10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30521-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 8764788
AN - SCOPUS:0029809039
SN - 0161-6420
VL - 103
SP - 1204
EP - 1209
JO - Ophthalmology
JF - Ophthalmology
IS - 8
ER -