Anti-peptidyl-arginine deaminase 3 (PAD3) antibodies as a promising marker to measure joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background: Recently, antibodies directed against peptidyl arginine deiminase 3 and 4 (anti-PAD3/PAD4 antibodies), calcium-dependent enzymes that catalyze the conversion from arginine to citrulline, have been described. Furthermore, antibodies that cross-react between PAD3 and PAD4 cause increased PAD4 activity and consequently correlate with joint damage. This study analyzes the correlation of anti-PAD3 antibodies with joint damage. Methods: To validate the novel chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA) for the detection of anti-PAD3 antibodies, 20 samples were tested by CIA and by immunoprecipitation (IP). Next, 39 RA patients with available joint erosion score (JES), Total Sharp Score (TSS) and Joint Space Narrowing Score (JSNS) were tested for anti-CCP (using different methods) and anti-PAD3 antibodies by CIA. Results: Excellent correlation was observed between the CIA and IP for the detection of anti-PAD3 antibodies (rho = 0.85, p