Abstract
BACKGROUND: Azithromycin has modest efficacy against malaria, and previous cluster randomized trials have suggested that mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma control may play a role in malaria control. We evaluated the effect of annual versus biannual mass azithromycin distribution over a 3-year period on malaria prevalence during the peak transmission season in a region with seasonal malaria transmission in Niger. METHODS: Twenty-four communities in Matameye, Niger, were randomized to annual mass azithromycin distribution (3 distributions to the entire community during the peak transmission season) or biannual-targeted azithromycin distribution (6 distributions to children <12 years of age, including 3 in the peak transmission season and 3 in the low transmission season). Malaria indices were evaluated at 36 months during the high transmission season. RESULTS: Parasitemia prevalence was 42.6% (95% confidence interval: 31.7%-53.6%) in the biannual distribution arm compared with 50.6% (95% confidence interval: 40.3%-60.8%) in the annual distribution arm (P = 0.29). There was no difference in parasite density or hemoglobin concentration in the 2 treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: Additional rounds of mass azithromycin distribution during low transmission may not have a significant impact on malaria parasitemia measured during the peak transmission season.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 506-510 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | The Pediatric infectious disease journal |
| Volume | 37 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 1 2018 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Microbiology (medical)
- Infectious Diseases
Cite this
Annual Versus Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distribution and Malaria Parasitemia During the Peak Transmission Season Among Children in Niger. / Oldenburg, Catherine E.; Amza, Abdou; Kadri, Boubacar; Nassirou, Beido; Cotter, Sun Y.; Stoller, Nicole E.; West, Sheila K; Bailey, Robin L.; Porco, Travis C.; Keenan, Jeremy D.; Lietman, Thomas M.; Gaynor, Bruce D.
In: The Pediatric infectious disease journal, Vol. 37, No. 6, 01.06.2018, p. 506-510.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Annual Versus Biannual Mass Azithromycin Distribution and Malaria Parasitemia During the Peak Transmission Season Among Children in Niger
AU - Oldenburg, Catherine E.
AU - Amza, Abdou
AU - Kadri, Boubacar
AU - Nassirou, Beido
AU - Cotter, Sun Y.
AU - Stoller, Nicole E.
AU - West, Sheila K
AU - Bailey, Robin L.
AU - Porco, Travis C.
AU - Keenan, Jeremy D.
AU - Lietman, Thomas M.
AU - Gaynor, Bruce D.
PY - 2018/6/1
Y1 - 2018/6/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Azithromycin has modest efficacy against malaria, and previous cluster randomized trials have suggested that mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma control may play a role in malaria control. We evaluated the effect of annual versus biannual mass azithromycin distribution over a 3-year period on malaria prevalence during the peak transmission season in a region with seasonal malaria transmission in Niger. METHODS: Twenty-four communities in Matameye, Niger, were randomized to annual mass azithromycin distribution (3 distributions to the entire community during the peak transmission season) or biannual-targeted azithromycin distribution (6 distributions to children <12 years of age, including 3 in the peak transmission season and 3 in the low transmission season). Malaria indices were evaluated at 36 months during the high transmission season. RESULTS: Parasitemia prevalence was 42.6% (95% confidence interval: 31.7%-53.6%) in the biannual distribution arm compared with 50.6% (95% confidence interval: 40.3%-60.8%) in the annual distribution arm (P = 0.29). There was no difference in parasite density or hemoglobin concentration in the 2 treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: Additional rounds of mass azithromycin distribution during low transmission may not have a significant impact on malaria parasitemia measured during the peak transmission season.
AB - BACKGROUND: Azithromycin has modest efficacy against malaria, and previous cluster randomized trials have suggested that mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma control may play a role in malaria control. We evaluated the effect of annual versus biannual mass azithromycin distribution over a 3-year period on malaria prevalence during the peak transmission season in a region with seasonal malaria transmission in Niger. METHODS: Twenty-four communities in Matameye, Niger, were randomized to annual mass azithromycin distribution (3 distributions to the entire community during the peak transmission season) or biannual-targeted azithromycin distribution (6 distributions to children <12 years of age, including 3 in the peak transmission season and 3 in the low transmission season). Malaria indices were evaluated at 36 months during the high transmission season. RESULTS: Parasitemia prevalence was 42.6% (95% confidence interval: 31.7%-53.6%) in the biannual distribution arm compared with 50.6% (95% confidence interval: 40.3%-60.8%) in the annual distribution arm (P = 0.29). There was no difference in parasite density or hemoglobin concentration in the 2 treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: Additional rounds of mass azithromycin distribution during low transmission may not have a significant impact on malaria parasitemia measured during the peak transmission season.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062183642&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85062183642&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/INF.0000000000001813
DO - 10.1097/INF.0000000000001813
M3 - Article
C2 - 29088030
AN - SCOPUS:85062183642
VL - 37
SP - 506
EP - 510
JO - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
JF - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
SN - 0891-3668
IS - 6
ER -