Aneurysmal bone cyst of the temporal bone

Objective and Importance: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign bone neoplasms which typically involve the spine and long bones. We present a rare case of an ABC in the temporal bone with significant cerebellar compression. Clinical Presentation: The patient was a young boy who presented with several weeks of left posterior auricular pain. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and angiogram showed an expansile bone neoplasm involving the left petrous temporal bone. Intervention: A retrosigmoid-transmastoid craniectomy was performed, and total removal of the bone lesion was achieved. The pathological examination revealed the diagnosis of ABC. Conclusion: The postoperative course was uneventful, and the imaging studies demonstrated total removal of the neoplasm. This case represents the imaging and surgical management of a rare ABC in the temporal bone. This diagnosis should be considered in the differential of bone neoplasms in this region.