Analysis of the optimal cut-point for HIV-p24 antigen testing to diagnose HIV infection in HIV-exposed children from resource-constrained settings

M. Tamhane, B. Gautney, C. Shiu, N. Segaren, L. Jeannis, C. Eustache, Y. Simeon-Fadois, Y. H. Chen, D. De, S. Irivinti, P. Tamma, C. B. Thompson, S. Khamadi, G. K. Siberry, D. Persaud

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Nucleic-acid-testing (NAT) to diagnose HIV infection in children under age 18 months provides a barrier to HIV-testing in exposed children from resource-constrained settings. The ultrasensitive HIV-p24-antigen (Up24) assay is cheaper and easier to perform and is sensitive (84-98%) and specific (98-100%). The cut-point optical density (OD) selected for discriminating between positive and negative samples may need assessment due to regional differences in mother-to-child HIV-transmission rates. Objectives: We used receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves and logistic regression analyses to assess the effect of various cut-points on the diagnostic performance of Up24 for HIV-infection status among HIV-exposed children. Positive and negative predictive values at different rates of disease prevalence were also estimated. Study design: A study of Up24 testing on dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected from 278 HIV-exposed Haitian children, 3-24-months of age, in whom HIV-infection status was determined by NAT on the same DBS card. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of Up24 varied by the cut-point-OD value selected. At a cut-point-OD of 8-fold the standard deviation of the negative control (NCSD), sensitivity and specificity of Up24 were maximized [87.8% (95% CI, 83.9-91.6) and 92% (95% CI, 88.8-95.2), respectively]. In lower prevalence settings (5%), positive and negative predictive values of Up24 were maximal (75.9% and 98.8%, respectively) at a cut-point-OD that was 15-fold the NCSD. Conclusions: In low prevalence settings, a high degree of specificity can be achieved with Up24 testing of HIV-exposed children when a higher cut-point OD is used; a feature that may facilitate more frequent use of Up24 antigen testing for HIV-exposed children.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)338-341
Number of pages4
JournalJournal of Clinical Virology
Volume50
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2011

Keywords

  • Diagnostics
  • Dried blood spots (DBS)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
  • Paediatrics
  • Receiver operator characteristics (ROC)
  • Ultrasensitive p24 antigen assay

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

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