TY - JOUR
T1 - An Individualized Approach to Managing Testosterone Therapy in the Primary Care Setting
AU - Dobs, Adrian Sandra
AU - Campbell, Kevin James
N1 - Funding Information:
Medical writing assistance was provided by Kathleen Richter, of Cadent, a Syneos Health Group® company, and was supported by Acerus Pharmaceuticals.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Dove Medical Press Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The incidence of testosterone deficiency and the use of testosterone therapy have increased in recent years, and currently the majority of testosterone prescriptions in the United States and Canada are written by primary care physicians. Meanwhile, the range of available testosterone therapy formulations has widened to include buccal tablets, intramuscular injections, transdermal gels, intranasal gel, subcutaneous injections, oral capsules, and subdermal pellets, each with unique pharmacokinetic and clinical characteristics. Despite the growing use of testosterone therapy and its overall efficacy and safety as demonstrated in clinical trials, concerns exist about the potential impact of testosterone therapy on spermatogenesis and fertility, development of prostate cancer, and risk of polycythemia and cardiovascular events. In addition, ongoing research aims to better characterize the effects of testosterone therapy in specific populations, such as patients aged 65 years and older, patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and transgender patients. The range of treatment options and the diversity of patients’ goals, preferences, comorbidities, and risk factors necessitate an individualized approach to testosterone therapy that considers each patient’s clinical needs alongside the distinct features of different testosterone formulations.
AB - The incidence of testosterone deficiency and the use of testosterone therapy have increased in recent years, and currently the majority of testosterone prescriptions in the United States and Canada are written by primary care physicians. Meanwhile, the range of available testosterone therapy formulations has widened to include buccal tablets, intramuscular injections, transdermal gels, intranasal gel, subcutaneous injections, oral capsules, and subdermal pellets, each with unique pharmacokinetic and clinical characteristics. Despite the growing use of testosterone therapy and its overall efficacy and safety as demonstrated in clinical trials, concerns exist about the potential impact of testosterone therapy on spermatogenesis and fertility, development of prostate cancer, and risk of polycythemia and cardiovascular events. In addition, ongoing research aims to better characterize the effects of testosterone therapy in specific populations, such as patients aged 65 years and older, patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and transgender patients. The range of treatment options and the diversity of patients’ goals, preferences, comorbidities, and risk factors necessitate an individualized approach to testosterone therapy that considers each patient’s clinical needs alongside the distinct features of different testosterone formulations.
KW - clinical practice
KW - comorbidity
KW - hypogonadism
KW - male
KW - testosterone deficiency
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U2 - 10.2147/IJGM.S364189
DO - 10.2147/IJGM.S364189
M3 - Article
C2 - 36238539
AN - SCOPUS:85139483344
SN - 1178-7074
VL - 15
SP - 7719
EP - 7733
JO - International Journal of General Medicine
JF - International Journal of General Medicine
ER -