TY - JOUR
T1 - An implicit memory of errors limits human sensorimotor adaptation
AU - Albert, Scott T.
AU - Jang, Jihoon
AU - Sheahan, Hannah R.
AU - Teunissen, Lonneke
AU - Vandevoorde, Koenraad
AU - Herzfeld, David J.
AU - Shadmehr, Reza
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant nos R01NS078311, R01NS096083 and F32NS095706), the National Science Foundation (grant no. CNS-1714623), the Cambridge Trust, the Rutherford Foundation and a travel grant from the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Additionally, we thank H. Fernandes and K. Kording for so graciously compiling and sharing their data with us. Finally, we recognize the Summer School in Computational Sensory-Motor Neuroscience (CoSMo) and its organizers (G. Blohm, K. Kording and P. Schrater) for giving us the opportunity to learn and develop the original idea for this work.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - During extended motor adaptation, learning appears to saturate despite persistence of residual errors. This adaptation limit is not fixed but varies with perturbation variance; when variance is high, residual errors become larger. These changes in total adaptation could relate to either implicit or explicit learning systems. Here, we found that when adaptation relied solely on the explicit system, residual errors disappeared and learning was unaltered by perturbation variability. In contrast, when learning depended entirely, or in part, on implicit learning, residual errors reappeared. Total implicit adaptation decreased in the high-variance environment due to changes in error sensitivity, not in forgetting. These observations suggest a model in which the implicit system becomes more sensitive to errors when they occur in a consistent direction. Thus, residual errors in motor adaptation are at least in part caused by an implicit learning system that modulates its error sensitivity in response to the consistency of past errors.
AB - During extended motor adaptation, learning appears to saturate despite persistence of residual errors. This adaptation limit is not fixed but varies with perturbation variance; when variance is high, residual errors become larger. These changes in total adaptation could relate to either implicit or explicit learning systems. Here, we found that when adaptation relied solely on the explicit system, residual errors disappeared and learning was unaltered by perturbation variability. In contrast, when learning depended entirely, or in part, on implicit learning, residual errors reappeared. Total implicit adaptation decreased in the high-variance environment due to changes in error sensitivity, not in forgetting. These observations suggest a model in which the implicit system becomes more sensitive to errors when they occur in a consistent direction. Thus, residual errors in motor adaptation are at least in part caused by an implicit learning system that modulates its error sensitivity in response to the consistency of past errors.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41562-020-01036-x
DO - 10.1038/s41562-020-01036-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 33542527
AN - SCOPUS:85100515548
SN - 2397-3374
VL - 5
SP - 920
EP - 934
JO - Nature Human Behaviour
JF - Nature Human Behaviour
IS - 7
ER -