@article{f52aadc9effd4059a7078f117d8c6910,
title = "Amphetamine isomers: Influences on locomotor and stereotyped behavior of cats",
abstract = "Catecholamine release and reuptake are considerably more stereoselective at norepinephrine than at dopamine nerve terminals, suggesting that pronounced differences in the influence of amphetamine isomers on particular behaviors favors norepinephrine mediation while similar actions of these isomers indicates a predominant role for dopamine. (+)-Amphetamine is markedly more potent than its (-)-isomer in stimulating locomotor activity of the cat while the two isomers differ less in provoking stereotyped behavior. These findings support a major role for brain norepinephrine in mediating amphetamine-induced locomotor enhancement, while dopamine may be more important in facilitating stereotyped behavior. Besides inducing stereotyped behavior, L-Dopa greatly enhances locomotor activity, which suggests an important role for dopamine in mediating locomotor activation.",
keywords = "Amphetamine, Dopamine, Locomotor activity, Norepinephrine, Stereotyped behavior",
author = "North, {Richard B.} and Harik, {Sami I.} and Snyder, {Solomon H.}",
note = "Funding Information: Because amphetamines are thought to act by release of catecholamines or blockade of their reuptake inactivation, both of which processes are affected differentially by amphetamine isomers in DA and NE neurons, several investigations have employed amphetamine isomers to determine whether NE or DA were primarily involved in a given behavioral effect. Behaviors mediated predominantly by NE should be influenced much more by (+)-than by (-)-amphetamine, while DA mediated behaviors should be affected similarly by the two isomers. Self-stimulation in the area of the medial forebrain bundle in the lateral hypothalamus, an area rich in NE axons and terminals, is enhanced 7 9 times more by (+)-than by (-)-amphetamine \[1 6,20\]. By contrast, self-stimulation in the area of the substantia nigra, which contains dopamine call bodies, is affected similarly by the two amphetamine isomers \[16\]. Turning behavior by rats after unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra, a behavior which is definitely dopamine mediated, is elicited to the same Supported by USPHS Grants MH 18501, DA 00266, Grants of the John A. Hartford Foundation and the Scottish Rite Foundation, Research Scientist Development Award MH 33128 and a Commonwealth Fund Fellowship to S.I.H. Present address: American University of Beirut, Department of Internal Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.",
year = "1974",
doi = "10.1016/0091-3057(74)90143-9",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "115--118",
journal = "Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior",
issn = "0091-3057",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "1",
}