TY - JOUR
T1 - Age of male circumcision and risk of prevalent HIV infection in rural Uganda
AU - Kelly, Robert
AU - Kiwanuka, Noah
AU - Wawer, Maria J.
AU - Serwadda, David
AU - Sewankambo, Nelson K.
AU - Wabwire-Mangen, Fred
AU - Li, Chuanjun
AU - Konde-Lule, Joseph K.
AU - Lutalo, Tom
AU - Makumbi, Fred
AU - Gray, Ronald H.
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - Objective: To assess whether circumcision performed on postpubertal men affords the same level of protection from HIV-1 acquisition as circumcisions earlier in childhood. Design: Cross-sectional study of a population-based cohort. Setting: Rakai district, rural Uganda. Methods: A total of 6821 men aged 15-59 years were surveyed and venous blood samples were tested for HIV-1 and syphilis. Age at circumcision was dichotomized into men who were circumcised before or at age 12 years (prepubertal) and men circumcised after age 12 years (postpubertal). Postpubertal circumcised men were also subdivided into those reporting circumcision at ages 13-20 years and ≥ 21 years. Results: HIV-1 prevalence was 14.1% in uncircumcised men, compared with 16.2% for men circumcised at age ≥ 21 years, 10.0% for men circumcised at age 13-20 years, and 6.9% in men circumcised at age ≤ 12 years. On bivariate analysis, lower prevalence of HIV-1 associated with prepubertal circumcision was observed in all age, education, ethnic and religious groups. Multivariate adjusted odds ratio of prevalent HIV-1 infection associated with prepubertal circumcision was 0.39 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29-0.53]. In the postpubertal group, the adjusted odds ratio for men circumcised at ages 13-20 years was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28-0.77), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.43-1.43) for men circumcised after age 20 years. Conclusions: Prepubertal circumcision is associated with reduced HIV risk, whereas circumcision after age 20 years is not significantly protective against HIV-1 infection. Age at circumcision and reasons for circumcision need to be considered in future studies of circumcision and HIV risk.
AB - Objective: To assess whether circumcision performed on postpubertal men affords the same level of protection from HIV-1 acquisition as circumcisions earlier in childhood. Design: Cross-sectional study of a population-based cohort. Setting: Rakai district, rural Uganda. Methods: A total of 6821 men aged 15-59 years were surveyed and venous blood samples were tested for HIV-1 and syphilis. Age at circumcision was dichotomized into men who were circumcised before or at age 12 years (prepubertal) and men circumcised after age 12 years (postpubertal). Postpubertal circumcised men were also subdivided into those reporting circumcision at ages 13-20 years and ≥ 21 years. Results: HIV-1 prevalence was 14.1% in uncircumcised men, compared with 16.2% for men circumcised at age ≥ 21 years, 10.0% for men circumcised at age 13-20 years, and 6.9% in men circumcised at age ≤ 12 years. On bivariate analysis, lower prevalence of HIV-1 associated with prepubertal circumcision was observed in all age, education, ethnic and religious groups. Multivariate adjusted odds ratio of prevalent HIV-1 infection associated with prepubertal circumcision was 0.39 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.29-0.53]. In the postpubertal group, the adjusted odds ratio for men circumcised at ages 13-20 years was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.28-0.77), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.43-1.43) for men circumcised after age 20 years. Conclusions: Prepubertal circumcision is associated with reduced HIV risk, whereas circumcision after age 20 years is not significantly protective against HIV-1 infection. Age at circumcision and reasons for circumcision need to be considered in future studies of circumcision and HIV risk.
KW - Africa
KW - HIV-1
KW - Male circumcision
KW - Sexually transmitted disease
KW - Uganda
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U2 - 10.1097/00002030-199902250-00013
DO - 10.1097/00002030-199902250-00013
M3 - Article
C2 - 10199231
AN - SCOPUS:0032969724
SN - 0269-9370
VL - 13
SP - 399
EP - 405
JO - AIDS
JF - AIDS
IS - 3
ER -