@article{63c74e1ea0b542b3bb2576370fd675d3,
title = "Advances in monitoring for acute spinal cord injury: a narrative review of current literature",
abstract = "Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that affects about 17,000 individuals every year in the United States, with approximately 294,000 people living with the ramifications of the initial injury. After the initial primary injury, SCI has a secondary phase during which the spinal cord sustains further injury due to ischemia, excitotoxicity, immune-mediated damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The multifaceted injury progression process requires a sophisticated injury-monitoring technique for an accurate assessment of SCI patients. In this narrative review, we discuss SCI monitoring modalities, including pressure probes and catheters, micro dialysis, electrophysiologic measures, biomarkers, and imaging studies. The optimal next-generation injury monitoring setup should include multiple modalities and should integrate the data to produce a final simplified assessment of the injury and determine markers of intervention to improve patient outcomes.",
keywords = "Advanced monitoring for spinal cord injury, Artificial intelligence, Biomarkers, Electrophysiology, Imaging, MRI, Machine learning, Spinal cord injury, Ultrasound",
author = "Yohannes Tsehay and Carly Weber-Levine and Timothy Kim and Alejandro Chara and Safwan Alomari and Tolulope Awosika and Ann Liu and Jeffrey Ehresman and Kurt Lehner and Brian Hwang and Hersh, {Andrew M.} and Ian Suk and Eli Curry and Fariba Aghabaglou and Yinuo Zeng and Amir Manbachi and Nicholas Theodore",
note = "Funding Information: Author disclosure : YT: Nothing to disclose. CWL: Nothing to disclose. TK: Nothing to disclose. AC: Nothing to disclose. SA: Nothing to disclose. TA: Nothing to disclose. AL: Nothing to disclose. JE: Nothing to disclose. KL: Nothing to disclose. BH: Nothing to disclose. AMH: Nothing to disclose. IS: Nothing to disclose. EC: Nothing to disclose. FA: Nothing to disclose. YZ: Nothing to disclose. AM: Grant: DARPA (I, Paid directly to institution); Other: Amazon Book self-publishing (topic: ultrasound) (A); Scientific Advisory Board/Other Office: Neurosonics Medical; Research Support (Investigator Salary, Staff/Materials)^: Harbor Design (A, Paid directly to institution), NICO Neuro (A, Paid directly to institution); Fellowship Support: NIH - JHU ICTR - KL2 award (F, Paid directly to institution). NT: Royalties: Globus Medical (F); Stock Ownership: Globus Medical (Shares); Consulting: Globus Medical (D), Misonix (B); Research Support (Investigator Salary, Staff/Materials)^: DARPA (I, Paid directly to institution); Fellowship Support: NREF (E, Paid directly to institution), AO North America (E, Paid directly to institution) Funding Information: Nicholas Theodore and Amir Manbachi acknowledge funding support from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, Award Contract #: N660012024075. In addition, Amir Manbachi acknowledges funding support from Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR){\textquoteright}s Clinical Research Scholars Program (KL2), administered by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institute of Health (NIH). Author disclosure: YT: Nothing to disclose. CWL: Nothing to disclose. TK: Nothing to disclose. AC: Nothing to disclose. SA: Nothing to disclose. TA: Nothing to disclose. AL: Nothing to disclose. JE: Nothing to disclose. KL: Nothing to disclose. BH: Nothing to disclose. AMH: Nothing to disclose. IS: Nothing to disclose. EC: Nothing to disclose. FA: Nothing to disclose. YZ: Nothing to disclose. AM: Grant: DARPA (I, Paid directly to institution); Other: Amazon Book self-publishing (topic: ultrasound) (A); Scientific Advisory Board/Other Office: Neurosonics Medical; Research Support (Investigator Salary, Staff/Materials)^: Harbor Design (A, Paid directly to institution), NICO Neuro (A, Paid directly to institution); Fellowship Support: NIH - JHU ICTR - KL2 award (F, Paid directly to institution). NT: Royalties: Globus Medical (F); Stock Ownership: Globus Medical (Shares); Consulting: Globus Medical (D), Misonix (B); Research Support (Investigator Salary, Staff/Materials)^: DARPA (I, Paid directly to institution); Fellowship Support: NREF (E, Paid directly to institution), AO North America (E, Paid directly to institution) Funding Information: Nicholas Theodore and Amir Manbachi acknowledge funding support from Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA , Award Contract #: N660012024075 . In addition, Amir Manbachi acknowledges funding support from Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR){\textquoteright}s Clinical Research Scholars Program (KL2), administered by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institute of Health (NIH). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2022",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.spinee.2022.03.012",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "22",
pages = "1372--1387",
journal = "Spine Journal",
issn = "1529-9430",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "8",
}