Acute demyelinating optic neuritis

Acute demyelinating optic neuritis is an important diagnosis because of its implications for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). This review describes the characteristic presentation of acute demyelinating optic neuritis, including clinical features that distinguish this entity from other causes of optic neuropathy. The authors review the findings of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, highlighting the relationship between optic neuritis and MS. A summary of the most recent treatment guidelines for short-term corticosteroid therapy, as well as for long-term immunomodulatory agents, is presented. The article concludes with the authors’ management recommendations.