TY - JOUR
T1 - Active tuberculosis case-finding among pregnant women presenting to antenatal clinics in soweto, South Africa
AU - Gounder, Celine R.
AU - Wada, Nikolas I.
AU - Kensler, Caroline
AU - Violari, Avy
AU - McIntyre, James
AU - Chaisson, Richard E.
AU - Martinson, Neil A.
PY - 2011/8/1
Y1 - 2011/8/1
N2 - Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are among the leading causes of death among women of reproductive age worldwide. TB is a significant cause of maternal morbidity. Detection of TB during pregnancy could provide substantial benefits to women and their children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional implementation research study of integrating active TB case-finding into existing antenatal and prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in six clinics in Soweto, South Africa. All pregnant women 18 years of age or older presenting for routine care to these public clinics were screened for symptoms of active TB, cough for 2 weeks or longer, sputum production, fevers, night sweats, or weight loss, regardless of their HIV status. Participants with any symptom of active TB were asked to provide a sputum specimen for smear microscopy, mycobacterial culture and drug-susceptibility testing. Results: Between December 2008 and July 2009, 3963 pregnant women were enrolled and screened for TB, of whom 1454 (36.7%) were HIV-seropositive. Any symptom of TB was reported by 23.1% of HIV-seropositive and 13.8% of HIV-seronegative women (P < 0.01). Active pulmonary TB was diagnosed in 10 of 1454 HIV-seropositve women (688 per 100,000) and 5 of 2483 HIV-seronegative women (201 per 100,000, P = 0.03). The median CD4 T-cell count among HIV-seropositive women with TB was similar to that of HIV-seropositive women without TB (352 versus 333 cells/μL, P = 0.85). Conclusions: There is a high burden of active TB among HIV-seropositive pregnant women. TB screening and provision of isoniazid preventive therapy and antiretroviral therapy should be integrated with prevention of mother-to-child transmission services.
AB - Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are among the leading causes of death among women of reproductive age worldwide. TB is a significant cause of maternal morbidity. Detection of TB during pregnancy could provide substantial benefits to women and their children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional implementation research study of integrating active TB case-finding into existing antenatal and prevention of mother-to-child transmission services in six clinics in Soweto, South Africa. All pregnant women 18 years of age or older presenting for routine care to these public clinics were screened for symptoms of active TB, cough for 2 weeks or longer, sputum production, fevers, night sweats, or weight loss, regardless of their HIV status. Participants with any symptom of active TB were asked to provide a sputum specimen for smear microscopy, mycobacterial culture and drug-susceptibility testing. Results: Between December 2008 and July 2009, 3963 pregnant women were enrolled and screened for TB, of whom 1454 (36.7%) were HIV-seropositive. Any symptom of TB was reported by 23.1% of HIV-seropositive and 13.8% of HIV-seronegative women (P < 0.01). Active pulmonary TB was diagnosed in 10 of 1454 HIV-seropositve women (688 per 100,000) and 5 of 2483 HIV-seronegative women (201 per 100,000, P = 0.03). The median CD4 T-cell count among HIV-seropositive women with TB was similar to that of HIV-seropositive women without TB (352 versus 333 cells/μL, P = 0.85). Conclusions: There is a high burden of active TB among HIV-seropositive pregnant women. TB screening and provision of isoniazid preventive therapy and antiretroviral therapy should be integrated with prevention of mother-to-child transmission services.
KW - HIV
KW - epidemiology
KW - pregnancy
KW - screening
KW - tuberculosis
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U2 - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821ac9c1
DO - 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821ac9c1
M3 - Article
C2 - 21436710
AN - SCOPUS:79959958137
SN - 1525-4135
VL - 57
SP - e77-e84
JO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
IS - 4
ER -